Formula Report

Source: /home/wkolbe/Downloads/2004.05631v1.lines.json  |  MathExpressions: 1116  |  Equations: 254

Inline Math — MathExpression tiddlers (1116)

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2004.05631v1_FO0001A
2004.05631v1_FO0002B
2004.05631v1_FO0003X
2004.05631v1_FO0004Y
2004.05631v1_FO0005X \times Y
2004.05631v1_FO0006R(x, y)=1
2004.05631v1_FO0007x
2004.05631v1_FO0008y
2004.05631v1_FO0009a
2004.05631v1_FO00102^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0011b: Y \rightarrow 2^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0012A \in 2^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0013f(A)
2004.05631v1_FO0014X \rightarrow 2^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0015\{x\}
2004.05631v1_FO0016f: 2^{X} \rightarrow 2^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0017(1.2)
2004.05631v1_FO0018f
2004.05631v1_FO0019A^{\prime} \subseteq A
2004.05631v1_FO0020f(A) \subseteq f\left(A^{\prime}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0021y \in f(A)
2004.05631v1_FO0022A^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0023x \in A \backslash A^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0024f(A)=f\left(A^{\prime}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0025b
2004.05631v1_FO0026Y \rightarrow 2^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0027g: 2^{Y} \rightarrow 2^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0028B \in 2^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0029(1.3)
2004.05631v1_FO0030x \in X
2004.05631v1_FO0031y \in B
2004.05631v1_FO0032A, B
2004.05631v1_FO0033(A, B) \in 2^{X} \times 2^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0034R
2004.05631v1_FO0035f(A)=B
2004.05631v1_FO0036g(B)=A
2004.05631v1_FO0037g
2004.05631v1_FO0038A^{\prime}, B^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0039B^{\prime} \supseteq B
2004.05631v1_FO0040R: X \times Y \rightarrow\{0,1\}
2004.05631v1_FO0041R(x, y)=0
2004.05631v1_FO0042(x, y) \in X \times Y
2004.05631v1_FO00432 \times 3
2004.05631v1_FO0044a: X \rightarrow 2^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0045f: 2^{X} \rightleftarrows 2^{Y}: g
2004.05631v1_FO0046x_{i}
2004.05631v1_FO0047y_{j}
2004.05631v1_FO0048f: 2^{X} \longrightarrow 2^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0049\varnothing
2004.05631v1_FO0050f A=B
2004.05631v1_FO0051g B=A
2004.05631v1_FO0052y \in Y
2004.05631v1_FO0053f g
2004.05631v1_FO0054g f
2004.05631v1_FO0055f g(B)=B
2004.05631v1_FO0056B \in
2004.05631v1_FO0057g B, B
2004.05631v1_FO0058A \in
2004.05631v1_FO0059A, f A
2004.05631v1_FO00602^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0061\mathbb{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0062\{0,1\}
2004.05631v1_FO0063M: X \times Y \rightarrow \mathbb{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0064\mathbb{C}^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0065v \in \mathbb{C}^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0066v: X \rightarrow \mathbb{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0067A: X \rightarrow 2
2004.05631v1_FO0068M
2004.05631v1_FO0069\alpha: X \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0070\beta: Y \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0071\alpha(x): Y \rightarrow \mathbb{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0072M(x, y)
2004.05631v1_FO0073\beta(y): X \rightarrow \mathbb{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0074\overline{M(x, y)}
2004.05631v1_FO0075v_{x}: X \rightarrow \mathbb{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0076v_{x}\left(x^{\prime}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0077x^{\prime}=x
2004.05631v1_FO0078\alpha
2004.05631v1_FO0079{ }^{2} M: \mathbb{C}^{X} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0080|Y| \times|X|
2004.05631v1_FO0081\alpha(x)
2004.05631v1_FO0082\beta
2004.05631v1_FO0083M^{\dagger}: \mathbb{C}^{Y} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0084\beta(y)
2004.05631v1_FO0085M^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0086F: \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{D}
2004.05631v1_FO0087G: \mathrm{D} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0088(1.5)
2004.05631v1_FO0089F
2004.05631v1_FO0090G
2004.05631v1_FO0091A \rightarrow G B
2004.05631v1_FO0092\mathbb{C}^{X} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0093M: \mathbb{C}^{X} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0094w \in \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0095M^{\dagger} M
2004.05631v1_FO0096M M^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0097f, g
2004.05631v1_FO0098M, M^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0099\mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0100\sum_{x, y}|M(x, y)|^{2}=1
2004.05631v1_FO0101\mathbb{C}^{X} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0102\pi
2004.05631v1_FO0103{ }^{+}
2004.05631v1_FO0104\rho
2004.05631v1_FO0105S
2004.05631v1_FO0106\pi: S \rightarrow \mathbb{R}
2004.05631v1_FO0107S=\left\{s_{1}, \ldots, s_{n}\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0108\left(\pi\left(s_{1}\right), \ldots, \pi\left(s_{n}\right)\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0109\pi: X \times Y \rightarrow \mathbb{R}
2004.05631v1_FO0110\pi_{X}: X \rightarrow \mathbb{R}
2004.05631v1_FO0111\pi_{Y}: Y \rightarrow \mathbb{R}
2004.05631v1_FO0112\pi(x, y)
2004.05631v1_FO0113(x, y)
2004.05631v1_FO0114\frac{1}{3}
2004.05631v1_FO0115\left(\frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{3}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0116\left(\frac{2}{3}, \frac{1}{3}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0117\frac{2}{3}
2004.05631v1_FO0118X=\{
2004.05631v1_FO0119\}
2004.05631v1_FO0120i
2004.05631v1_FO0121Y=\{
2004.05631v1_FO0122\mid
2004.05631v1_FO0123=(\sqrt{1 / 2})^{2}=1 / 2
2004.05631v1_FO0124\pi(
2004.05631v1_FO0125)=1
2004.05631v1_FO0126M M^{\dagger}=\left[\begin{array}{cc}2 / 3 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 / 3\end{array}\right]
2004.05631v1_FO0127\pi_{Y}=\left(\frac{2}{3}, \frac{1}{3}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0128X=\left\{x_{1}, \ldots, x_{n}\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0129m \times n
2004.05631v1_FO0130i j
2004.05631v1_FO0131x_{j}, y_{i}
2004.05631v1_FO0132V=\mathbb{C}^{S}
2004.05631v1_FO0133v(s)
2004.05631v1_FO0134v_{s}
2004.05631v1_FO0135S \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{S}
2004.05631v1_FO0136s \in S
2004.05631v1_FO0137\mathbb{C}^{S}
2004.05631v1_FO0138s
2004.05631v1_FO0139\mathbf{s}
2004.05631v1_FO0140\vec{s}
2004.05631v1_FO0141|s\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0142S \rightarrow \mathbb{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0143s \mapsto 1
2004.05631v1_FO0144s^{\prime} \mapsto 0
2004.05631v1_FO0145s^{\prime} \neq s
2004.05631v1_FO0146\{|s\rangle\}
2004.05631v1_FO0147V
2004.05631v1_FO0148S=\left\{s_{1} \ldots, s_{n}\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0149\left|s_{i}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0150\mathbb{C}^{n}
2004.05631v1_FO0151\mathbb{C}^{S} \cong \mathbb{C}^{n}
2004.05631v1_FO0152|v\rangle \in V
2004.05631v1_FO0153V^{*}:=\operatorname{hom}(V, \mathbb{C})
2004.05631v1_FO0154S \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{S \text { " }}
2004.05631v1_FO0155\left|v^{\prime}\right\rangle \in V
2004.05631v1_FO0156\left\langle v \mid v^{\prime}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0157V^{*}=\operatorname{hom}(V, \mathbb{C})
2004.05631v1_FO0158V \rightarrow \mathbb{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0159\langle v| \in V^{*}
2004.05631v1_FO0160\{\langle s|\}
2004.05631v1_FO0161|v\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0162|v\rangle^{\dagger}=\langle v|
2004.05631v1_FO0163\left\langle\left. v\right|^{\dagger}=\mid v\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0164V^{*}
2004.05631v1_FO0165\langle v|
2004.05631v1_FO0166W
2004.05631v1_FO0167V \otimes W
2004.05631v1_FO0168|v\rangle \otimes|w\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0169|v w\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0170|w\rangle \in W
2004.05631v1_FO0171|w\rangle\langle v|
2004.05631v1_FO0172|w\rangle \otimes\langle v|
2004.05631v1_FO0173W \otimes V^{*}
2004.05631v1_FO0174V \rightarrow W
2004.05631v1_FO0175|v\rangle\langle v|
2004.05631v1_FO0176\operatorname{End}(V)
2004.05631v1_FO0177\operatorname{dim}(V) \times \operatorname{dim}(V)
2004.05631v1_FO0178|\psi\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0179|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|
2004.05631v1_FO0180V \cong V^{*}
2004.05631v1_FO0181X \times-
2004.05631v1_FO0182\langle v \mid-\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0183v^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0184\left|v^{\prime}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0185v
2004.05631v1_FO0186[\vdots]
2004.05631v1_FO0187v^{*}
2004.05631v1_FO0188[\cdots]
2004.05631v1_FO0189v \otimes w
2004.05631v1_FO0190[\vdots] \otimes[\vdots]
2004.05631v1_FO0191\langle v, w\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0192\langle v \mid w\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0193[\ldots][\vdots]
2004.05631v1_FO0194w \otimes v^{*}
2004.05631v1_FO0195[\vdots][\cdots][]
2004.05631v1_FO0196\psi \otimes \psi^{*}
2004.05631v1_FO0197[\vdots][\cdots]
2004.05631v1_FO0198|w\rangle \otimes|v\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0199W \otimes V
2004.05631v1_FO0200\operatorname{dim}(W) \times \operatorname{dim}(V)
2004.05631v1_FO0201\operatorname{dim}(W) \times 1
2004.05631v1_FO0202|w\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO02031 \times \operatorname{dim}(V)
2004.05631v1_FO02043 \times 2
2004.05631v1_FO02056 \times 1
2004.05631v1_FO0206\left|v^{\prime}\right\rangle\langle v|
2004.05631v1_FO0207|v\rangle,\left|v^{\prime}\right\rangle \in V
2004.05631v1_FO0208\sum_{s} \overline{v(s)} v^{\prime}(s)=\left\langle v \mid v^{\prime}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0209|w\rangle,\left|w^{\prime}\right\rangle \in W
2004.05631v1_FO0210|v\rangle \otimes|w\rangle\left\langle v^{\prime}\right| \otimes\left\langle w^{\prime}\right|=|v\rangle\left\langle v^{\prime}\right| \otimes|w\rangle\left\langle w^{\prime}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0211|v w\rangle:=|v\rangle \otimes|w\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0212V \otimes W \rightarrow V \otimes W
2004.05631v1_FO0213f: A \rightarrow B
2004.05631v1_FO0214f^{\prime}: A^{\prime} \rightarrow B^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0215f \otimes f^{\prime}: A \otimes A^{\prime} \rightarrow B \otimes B^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0216|a\rangle \otimes\left|a^{\prime}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0217A \otimes A^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0218(2.3)
2004.05631v1_FO0219\{|t\rangle\}
2004.05631v1_FO0220|v w\rangle\left\langle v^{\prime} w^{\prime}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0221|s t\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0222|v w\rangle\left\langle v^{\prime} w^{\prime} \mid s t\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0223f=\left\langle v^{\prime}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0224f^{\prime}=\left\langle w^{\prime}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0225n
2004.05631v1_FO0226m n
2004.05631v1_FO0227M_{i j}
2004.05631v1_FO0228j
2004.05631v1_FO0229i, j
2004.05631v1_FO0230k
2004.05631v1_FO0231M|v\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0232U
2004.05631v1_FO0233U^{\dagger} U=\operatorname{id}_{V}
2004.05631v1_FO0234U U^{\dagger} \neq \operatorname{id}_{W}
2004.05631v1_FO0235W=V
2004.05631v1_FO0236M=V D U^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0237D
2004.05631v1_FO0238|\phi\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0239|\phi\rangle=|v\rangle \otimes|w\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0240h: V \otimes V^{\prime} \rightarrow W \otimes W^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0241h
2004.05631v1_FO0242h=f \otimes f^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0243f: V \rightarrow W
2004.05631v1_FO0244f^{\prime}: V^{\prime} \rightarrow W^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0245f^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0246V_{1}, V_{2}, \ldots, V_{6}
2004.05631v1_FO0247f \otimes f^{\prime}: V \otimes V^{\prime} \rightarrow W \otimes W^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0248N
2004.05631v1_FO0249d
2004.05631v1_FO0250V=\mathbb{C}^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0251X=\left\{x_{1}, \ldots, x_{d}\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0252X^{N}=\left\{\left(x_{i_{1}}, \ldots, x_{i_{N}}\right) \mid x_{i_{k}} \in X\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0253V^{\otimes N} \cong \mathbb{C}^{X^{N}}
2004.05631v1_FO0254V^{\otimes N}
2004.05631v1_FO0255|\psi\rangle \in V^{\otimes N}
2004.05631v1_FO0256d^{N}
2004.05631v1_FO0257\psi_{i_{1} i_{2} \cdots i_{N}}
2004.05631v1_FO0258N=6
2004.05631v1_FO0259f: V \rightarrow V
2004.05631v1_FO0260\langle f v \mid w\rangle=\langle v \mid f w\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0261v, w \in V
2004.05631v1_FO0262f=f^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0263\langle v| f|v\rangle \geq 0
2004.05631v1_FO0264v \in V
2004.05631v1_FO0265\mathbb{C}^{S} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{S}
2004.05631v1_FO0266\pi_{\rho}: S \rightarrow \mathbb{R}
2004.05631v1_FO0267(2.4)
2004.05631v1_FO0268\pi_{\rho}(s)
2004.05631v1_FO0269\sum_{s} \pi_{\rho}(s)=1
2004.05631v1_FO0270\pi_{\rho}
2004.05631v1_FO0271(2.5)
2004.05631v1_FO0272\rho_{\text {diag }}:=\sum_{s \in S} \pi(s)|s\rangle\langle s|
2004.05631v1_FO0273\pi(s)
2004.05631v1_FO0274|v\rangle=\sum_{s \in S} v(s)|s\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0275\langle v| \rho_{\text {diag }}|v\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0276\sum_{s \in S}|v(s)|^{2} \pi(s) \geq 0
2004.05631v1_FO0277\rho_{\text {diag }}
2004.05631v1_FO0278(2.7)
2004.05631v1_FO0279\rho_{\pi}
2004.05631v1_FO0280\left\langle\rho_{\pi} v \mid w\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0281\langle v \mid \psi\rangle\langle\psi \mid w\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0282\left\langle v \mid \rho_{\pi} w\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0283\langle v \mid \psi\rangle\langle\psi \mid v\rangle=|\langle v \mid \psi\rangle|^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0284\langle\psi \mid \psi\rangle=1
2004.05631v1_FO0285\langle\psi|
2004.05631v1_FO0286\rho_{\pi}=|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|
2004.05631v1_FO0287-\operatorname{tr}(\rho \ln \rho)
2004.05631v1_FO0288|\psi\rangle=\sum_{s} \psi(s)|s\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0289\sum_{s}|\psi(s)|^{2}=1
2004.05631v1_FO0290|\psi(s)|^{2}=|\langle s \mid \psi\rangle|^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0291|\psi(s)|^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0292\left\{\left|e_{1}\right\rangle, \ldots,\left|e_{r}\right\rangle\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0293r
2004.05631v1_FO0294\left|e_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle e_{i}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0295\left|e_{i}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0296\lambda_{i}
2004.05631v1_FO0297\left\{\left|e_{i}\right\rangle\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0298\left\langle s \mid e_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle e_{i} \mid s\right\rangle=\left|\left\langle s \mid e_{i}\right\rangle\right|^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0299\left|\left\langle s \mid e_{i}\right\rangle\right|^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0300S=\left\{s_{1}, s_{2}, s_{3}\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0301\lambda_{1}+\cdots+\lambda_{r}=1
2004.05631v1_FO03023 \times 3
2004.05631v1_FO0303\mathbb{C}^{S} \cong \mathbb{C}^{3}
2004.05631v1_FO0304\lambda_{1}=\frac{2}{3}
2004.05631v1_FO0305\lambda_{2}=\frac{1}{3}
2004.05631v1_FO0306\left|e_{1}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0307\left|e_{2}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0308-\sum_{i=1}^{r} \lambda_{i} \ln \lambda_{i}
2004.05631v1_FO0309r=1
2004.05631v1_FO0310|e\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0311\lambda=1
2004.05631v1_FO03121 \ln 1=0
2004.05631v1_FO0313\rho=U D U^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0314\rho=\sum_{i} \lambda_{i}\left|e_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle e_{i}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0315\ln \rho=U \ln (D) U^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0316\ln (D)
2004.05631v1_FO0317\ln \lambda_{i}
2004.05631v1_FO0318\ln (D)=\left[\begin{array}{llll}\ln \lambda_{1} & & & \\ & \ln \lambda_{2} & & \\ & & \ddots & \\ & & & \ln \lambda_{r}\end{array}\right]
2004.05631v1_FO0319\rho \ln \rho=U D \ln (D) U^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0320-\operatorname{tr} \rho \ln \rho=-\sum_{i} \operatorname{tr}\left(\left|e_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle e_{i}\right|\right) \lambda_{i} \ln \lambda_{i}
2004.05631v1_FO0321\rho_{\text {diag }}=\sum_{s} \pi(s)|s\rangle\langle s|
2004.05631v1_FO0322-\sum_{s} \pi(s) \ln \pi(s)
2004.05631v1_FO0323|\psi\rangle=\sum_{s} \sqrt{\pi(s)}|s\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0324|v\rangle \otimes|w\rangle \mapsto|v\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0325{ }^{6} p: V \times W \rightarrow V
2004.05631v1_FO0326(|v\rangle,|w\rangle) \mapsto|v\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0327e^{i \theta}
2004.05631v1_FO0328\theta \in \mathbb{R}
2004.05631v1_FO0329V \times W
2004.05631v1_FO0330(|v\rangle,|w\rangle)
2004.05631v1_FO0331\{|x\rangle\}
2004.05631v1_FO0332\{|y\rangle\}
2004.05631v1_FO0333|y\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0334V \otimes W \rightarrow V
2004.05631v1_FO0335\operatorname{id}_{V} \otimes\langle y|
2004.05631v1_FO0336|x\rangle \otimes\left|y^{\prime}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0337|x\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0338y^{\prime}=y
2004.05631v1_FO0339\square
2004.05631v1_FO0340Z
2004.05631v1_FO0341f: V \times W \rightarrow Z
2004.05631v1_FO0342\hat{f}: V \otimes W \rightarrow Z
2004.05631v1_FO0343\hat{f}(|v\rangle \otimes|w\rangle)=f(v, w)
2004.05631v1_FO0344V \times W \hookrightarrow V \otimes W
2004.05631v1_FO0345|(x, y)\rangle \mapsto|x\rangle \otimes|y\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0346V \rightarrow V
2004.05631v1_FO0347f \in \operatorname{End}(V)
2004.05631v1_FO0348g \in \operatorname{End}(W)
2004.05631v1_FO0349V \otimes W \cdots \cdots \cdots V
2004.05631v1_FO0350\operatorname{tr}_{W}(f \otimes g)=f \operatorname{tr}(g)
2004.05631v1_FO0351\operatorname{tr}(g)!
2004.05631v1_FO0352p
2004.05631v1_FO0353V \times W \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO0354p(f, g)=f \operatorname{tr} g
2004.05631v1_FO0355\left\{\left|x_{i}\right\rangle\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0356\left\{\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0357f \in \operatorname{End}(V \otimes W)
2004.05631v1_FO0358\operatorname{tr}_{W} f
2004.05631v1_FO0359\left|x_{i} y_{\alpha}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0360\left|x_{i}\right\rangle \otimes\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0361f_{i \alpha, j \beta}
2004.05631v1_FO0362i=j
2004.05631v1_FO0363\alpha=\beta
2004.05631v1_FO0364\operatorname{trace} \operatorname{tr}_{V} f
2004.05631v1_FO0365\operatorname{tr}_{V} f
2004.05631v1_FO0366f_{V}:=\operatorname{tr}_{W} f
2004.05631v1_FO0367f_{V}
2004.05631v1_FO0368|v\rangle=\sum_{k} v_{k}\left|x_{k}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0369\langle v| f_{V}|v\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0370\sum_{i, j, \alpha} \overline{v_{i}} v_{j} f_{i \alpha, j \alpha}
2004.05631v1_FO0371\sum_{i, \alpha} f_{i \alpha, i \alpha}
2004.05631v1_FO0372\left|x_{i} y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j} y_{\beta}\right|=\left|x_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j}\right| \otimes\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle y_{\beta}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0373\left\langle y_{\alpha} \mid y_{\beta}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0374\beta=\alpha
2004.05631v1_FO0375\langle\phi| f_{V}|\phi\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0376|\phi\rangle=\sum_{i, \alpha} \phi_{i \alpha}\left|x_{i} y_{\alpha}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0377\rho_{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0378\rho_{\gamma}
2004.05631v1_FO0379\pi_{\rho}: X \times Y \rightarrow \mathbb{R}
2004.05631v1_FO0380|x y\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0381|x\rangle \otimes|y\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0382x x^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0383\pi_{\rho_{X}}: X \rightarrow \mathbb{R}
2004.05631v1_FO0384\left(\pi_{\rho}\right)_{X}: X \rightarrow \mathbb{R}
2004.05631v1_FO0385\alpha \in\{1, \ldots, \operatorname{dim}(W)\}
2004.05631v1_FO0386i \in\{1, \ldots, \operatorname{dim}(V)\}
2004.05631v1_FO0387\sum_{\alpha} B_{\alpha}^{\dagger} B_{\alpha}=\sum_{i} A_{i}^{\dagger} A_{i}=i d_{V \otimes W}
2004.05631v1_FO0388\rho_{V}
2004.05631v1_FO0389B_{\alpha}=\operatorname{id}_{V} \otimes\left\langle y_{\alpha}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0390B_{\alpha}
2004.05631v1_FO0391B_{\alpha}^{\dagger}=\operatorname{id}_{V} \otimes\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0392\sum_{\gamma} B_{\gamma} \rho B_{\gamma}^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0393B_{\gamma}^{\dagger}\left|x_{j}\right\rangle=\left|x_{j} y_{\gamma}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0394\rho\left|x_{j} y_{\gamma}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0395\gamma
2004.05631v1_FO0396\left|x_{i}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0397\left|y_{\beta}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0398\sum_{\alpha} B_{\alpha}^{\dagger} B_{\alpha}=\mathrm{id}_{V \otimes W}
2004.05631v1_FO0399\left\{\left|x_{1}\right\rangle, \ldots,\left|x_{n}\right\rangle\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0400\left\{\left|y_{1}\right\rangle, \ldots,\left|y_{m}\right\rangle\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0401|x\rangle \leftrightarrow\langle x|
2004.05631v1_FO0402\langle x| \otimes|y\rangle \mapsto|y\rangle\langle x|
2004.05631v1_FO0403V^{*} \otimes W \rightarrow \operatorname{hom}(V, W)
2004.05631v1_FO0404\sum_{x}\langle x| \otimes f|x\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0405V^{*} \otimes W
2004.05631v1_FO0406|\psi\rangle \in V \otimes W
2004.05631v1_FO0407\psi_{x y}
2004.05631v1_FO0408n m \times 1
2004.05631v1_FO0409n \times n
2004.05631v1_FO0410|u\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0411m \times m
2004.05631v1_FO0412\Sigma
2004.05631v1_FO0413n \times m
2004.05631v1_FO0414m \leq n
2004.05631v1_FO0415\Sigma=[D \mid 0]
2004.05631v1_FO0416\sigma
2004.05631v1_FO0417m \times(n-m)
2004.05631v1_FO0418U^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0419\Sigma U^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0420\left\{\left|u_{1}\right\rangle, \ldots,\left|u_{n}\right\rangle\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0421M\left|u_{i}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0422i=1, \ldots, \operatorname{rank}(M)
2004.05631v1_FO0423\left|u_{i}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0424\operatorname{rank}(M)<m
2004.05631v1_FO0425\left\{\left|v_{1}\right\rangle, \ldots,\left|v_{m}\right\rangle\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0426\mathbb{C}^{m}
2004.05631v1_FO0427\sigma_{i}:=\sqrt{\lambda_{i}}
2004.05631v1_FO0428\sigma_{i}
2004.05631v1_FO0429\left|v_{i}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0430U_{0}^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0431m
2004.05631v1_FO0432U_{0}
2004.05631v1_FO0433U_{0} U_{0}^{\dagger}=\mathrm{id}
2004.05631v1_FO0434V V^{\dagger}=\mathrm{id}
2004.05631v1_FO0435\operatorname{dim} V=n
2004.05631v1_FO0436\operatorname{dim} W=m
2004.05631v1_FO0437\left|e_{1}\right\rangle, \ldots\left|e_{m}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0438\left|f_{1}\right\rangle, \ldots,\left|f_{m}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0439\alpha i
2004.05631v1_FO0440\psi_{i \alpha}
2004.05631v1_FO0441|f\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0442M=\sum_{i=1}^{m} \sigma_{i}\left|f_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle e_{i}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0443M: V \rightarrow W
2004.05631v1_FO0444\{|e\rangle\}
2004.05631v1_FO0445\{|f\rangle\}
2004.05631v1_FO0446\{|e\rangle \otimes|f\rangle\}
2004.05631v1_FO0447\rho_{W}
2004.05631v1_FO0448\rho=|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|
2004.05631v1_FO0449|\psi\rangle=\sum_{i=1}^{m} \sigma_{i}\left|e_{i}\right\rangle \otimes\left|f_{i}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0450\operatorname{dim}(W)
2004.05631v1_FO0451\operatorname{dim}(V)
2004.05631v1_FO0452\rho_{V}=\operatorname{tr}_{W} \rho
2004.05631v1_FO0453\rho_{W}=\operatorname{tr}_{V} \rho
2004.05631v1_FO0454\lambda_{i}=\sigma_{i}^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0455M U=V D
2004.05631v1_FO0456M^{\dagger} V=U D
2004.05631v1_FO0457\operatorname{tr}_{W}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|
2004.05631v1_FO0458\operatorname{tr}_{V}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|
2004.05631v1_FO0459\rho_{V}=U D^{2} U^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0460\rho_{W}=V D^{2} V^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0461D^{\dagger}=D
2004.05631v1_FO0462\rho_{V}=M^{\dagger} M=U D^{2} U^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0463\rho_{W}= M M^{\dagger}=V D^{2} V^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0464\rho_{W}=
2004.05631v1_FO0465M M^{\dagger}=V D^{2} V^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0466\rho_{V}=M^{\dagger} M
2004.05631v1_FO0467\rho_{W}=M M^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0468-\sum_{i} \lambda_{i} \ln \lambda_{i}
2004.05631v1_FO0469{ }^{12}|\psi\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0470|\psi\rangle=|v\rangle \otimes|w\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0471|\psi\rangle=|v\rangle \otimes|w\rangle+\left|v^{\prime}\right\rangle \otimes\left|w^{\prime}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0472\left|w^{\prime}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0473\rho_{V}=|v\rangle\langle v|+\left|v^{\prime}\right\rangle\left\langle v^{\prime}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0474|\psi\rangle=\sum_{x, y} \sqrt{\pi(x, y)}|x y\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0475|a\rangle \in \mathbb{C}^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0476|b\rangle \in \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0477\rho=|a b\rangle\langle a b|
2004.05631v1_FO0478\rho_{X}=\operatorname{tr}_{Y} \rho
2004.05631v1_FO0479\rho_{Y}=\operatorname{tr}_{X} \rho
2004.05631v1_FO0480\pi(x, y)=\pi_{X}(x) \pi_{Y}(y)
2004.05631v1_FO0481\rho_{X}=\operatorname{tr}_{Y} \rho_{\pi}
2004.05631v1_FO0482\rho_{X}=\sum_{y} \sqrt{\pi(x, y) \pi\left(x^{\prime}, y\right)}=\sqrt{\pi_{X}(x) \pi_{X}\left(x^{\prime}\right)} \sum_{y} \pi_{Y}(y)=\sqrt{\pi_{X}(x) \pi_{X}\left(x^{\prime}\right)}
2004.05631v1_FO0483\sum_{x} \sqrt{\pi_{X}(x)}|x\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0484\rho_{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0485H
2004.05631v1_FO0486H \cong V \otimes W
2004.05631v1_FO0487V D U^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0488D U^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0489\left[\mathrm{CFS}^{+}{ }_{15}\right]
2004.05631v1_FO0490V^{\otimes k} \rightarrow V^{\otimes N-k}
2004.05631v1_FO0491k<N
2004.05631v1_FO0492|\psi\rangle=\sum_{x, y} \sqrt{\pi(x, y)}|x\rangle \otimes|y\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0493x_{i} \in X
2004.05631v1_FO0494\left|x_{i}\right\rangle \in \mathbb{C}^{X} \cong \mathbb{C}^{n}
2004.05631v1_FO0495y_{\alpha} \in Y
2004.05631v1_FO0496\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle \in \mathbb{C}^{Y} \cong \mathbb{C}^{m}
2004.05631v1_FO0497\mathbb{C}^{X \times Y} \cong \mathbb{C}^{X} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0498n m
2004.05631v1_FO0499S=X \times Y
2004.05631v1_FO0500|\psi\rangle \in \mathbb{C}^{X} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0501(3.1)
2004.05631v1_FO0502x_{i} \mapsto\left|x_{i}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0503|(x, y)\rangle \longleftrightarrow|x\rangle \otimes|y\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0504\operatorname{tr}_{Y}:=\operatorname{tr}_{C^{Y}}
2004.05631v1_FO0505\operatorname{tr}_{X}:=\operatorname{tr}_{C^{X}}
2004.05631v1_FO0506\rho_{X}: \mathbb{C}^{X} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0507\operatorname{tr}\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle y_{\beta}\right|=\left\langle y_{\alpha} \mid y_{\beta}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0508(3.2)
2004.05631v1_FO0509\left(\rho_{X}\right)_{i i}=\sum_{\alpha} \pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right)=\pi_{X}\left(x_{i}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0510x_{j}
2004.05631v1_FO0511\pi\left(x_{i}, y\right)=0
2004.05631v1_FO0512\pi\left(x_{j}, y\right)=0
2004.05631v1_FO0513\rho_{Y}: \mathbb{C}^{Y} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0514(3 \cdot 3)
2004.05631v1_FO0515\alpha \beta
2004.05631v1_FO0516(3 \cdot 4)
2004.05631v1_FO0517\left(\rho_{Y}\right)_{\alpha \alpha}=\sum_{i} \pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right)=
2004.05631v1_FO0518\pi_{Y}\left(y_{\alpha}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0519y_{\alpha}
2004.05631v1_FO0520y_{\beta}
2004.05631v1_FO0521\pi_{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0522\pi_{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0523\rho_{\text {diag }}=\sum_{i, \alpha} \pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right)\left|x_{i} y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{i} y_{\alpha}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0524\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0525\left\{\left|e_{i}\right\rangle\right\} \leftrightarrow\left\{\left|f_{i}\right\rangle\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0526\left|f_{i}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0527\left|e_{i}\right\rangle=\sum_{x \in X} e_{i}(x)|x\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0528|x\rangle \in \mathbb{C}^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0529\left.\left\langle x \mid e_{i}\right\rangle\right|^{2}=\left|e_{i}(x)\right|^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0530\left|f_{i}\right\rangle=\sum_{y \in Y} f_{i}(y)|y\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0531|y\rangle \in \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0532\left|\left\langle y \mid f_{i}\right\rangle\right|^{2}=\left|f_{i}(y)\right|^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0533(3 \cdot 5)
2004.05631v1_FO0534T
2004.05631v1_FO0535X=
2004.05631v1_FO0536Y=
2004.05631v1_FO0537x y
2004.05631v1_FO0538\pi(x, y)=0
2004.05631v1_FO0539\pi(x, y)=\pi(x \mid y) \pi_{Y}(y)
2004.05631v1_FO0540V)
2004.05631v1_FO0541\mathbb{C}^{X} \cong \mathbb{C}^{3}
2004.05631v1_FO0542\mathbb{C}^{Y} \cong \mathbb{C}^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0543\rangle \otimes \mid
2004.05631v1_FO0544\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0545\left[\begin{array}{llllll}1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\end{array}\right]^{\top}
2004.05631v1_FO0546T \subseteq X \times Y
2004.05631v1_FO0547\left.|\psi\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(\mid
2004.05631v1_FO0548\rangle \otimes \right\rvert\,
2004.05631v1_FO0549\rangle+\mid
2004.05631v1_FO0550\left.\rangle\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0551(3.6)
2004.05631v1_FO05526 \times 6
2004.05631v1_FO0553\operatorname{tr}_{Y}\left(\left|x_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j}\right| \otimes\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle y_{\beta}\right|\right)=\left|x_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j}\right|\left\langle y_{\alpha} \mid y_{\beta}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0554y_{\alpha}=y_{\beta}
2004.05631v1_FO0555\left\langle y_{\alpha} \mid y_{\beta}\right\rangle=0
2004.05631v1_FO0556\alpha \neq \beta
2004.05631v1_FO0557\operatorname{tr}_{Y}(|0\rangle\langle g| \otimes|F\rangle\langle F|)=|0\rangle\langle g|\langle F \mid F\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0558|0\rangle\langle g|
2004.05631v1_FO0559\langle F \mid F\rangle=1
2004.05631v1_FO0560\operatorname{tr}_{Y}(|0\rangle\langle p| \otimes|F\rangle\langle V|)=|0\rangle\langle p|\langle F \mid V\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0561\langle F \mid V\rangle=0
2004.05631v1_FO0562(3 \cdot 7)
2004.05631v1_FO0563\pi_{X}=\left(\frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{3}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0564x_{i}=x_{j}
2004.05631v1_FO0565\operatorname{tr}_{X}\left(\left|x_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j}\right| \otimes\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle y_{\beta}\right|\right)=\left\langle x_{i} \mid x_{j}\right\rangle\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle y_{\beta}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0566\left\langle x_{i} \mid x_{j}\right\rangle=0
2004.05631v1_FO0567i \neq j
2004.05631v1_FO0568(3.8)
2004.05631v1_FO0569\left|e_{1}\right\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{c}\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\ 0\end{array}\right] \begin{aligned} & o \\ & g \\ & p\end{aligned}
2004.05631v1_FO0570\left|f_{1}\right\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{l}1 \\ 0\end{array}\right] \begin{gathered}F \\ V\end{gathered}
2004.05631v1_FO0571\left|e_{2}\right\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{c}0 \\ 0 \\ 1\end{array}\right] \begin{gathered}o \\ g \\ p\end{gathered}
2004.05631v1_FO0572\left|f_{2}\right\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{c}0 \\ 1\end{array}\right] \begin{gathered}F \\ V\end{gathered}
2004.05631v1_FO0573\left|f_{1}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0574\mid\left\langle e_{1}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0575\rangle\left.\right|^{2}=\mid\left\langle e_{1}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0576\rangle\left.\right|^{2}=\frac{1}{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0577\mid\left\langle f_{1}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0578\rangle\left.\right|^{2}=1
2004.05631v1_FO0579\left|f_{2}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0580\mid\left\langle e_{2}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0581\mid\left\langle f_{2}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0582\pi \mapsto|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|
2004.05631v1_FO0583\hat{\pi}: X \times Y \rightarrow \mathbb{R}
2004.05631v1_FO0584\hat{\pi}(x, y)
2004.05631v1_FO0585\hat{\pi}(x, y)=0
2004.05631v1_FO0586\hat{\pi}
2004.05631v1_FO0587(3 \cdot 9)
2004.05631v1_FO0588d\left(x_{i}, x_{j}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0589d\left(x_{i}, x_{i}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0590d\left(y_{\alpha}, y_{\beta}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0591d\left(y_{\alpha}, y_{\alpha}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0592(3.10)
2004.05631v1_FO0593(3.11)
2004.05631v1_FO05941 /|T|
2004.05631v1_FO0595|\psi\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}} \sum_{\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right) \in T}\left|x_{i}\right\rangle \otimes\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0596\frac{1}{5}
2004.05631v1_FO05971,2,2
2004.05631v1_FO0598x_{1}
2004.05631v1_FO0599x_{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0600x_{3}
2004.05631v1_FO0601\rho_{X}=\operatorname{tr}_{Y}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|
2004.05631v1_FO0602M: \mathbb{C}^{X} \rightleftarrows \mathbb{C}^{Y}: M^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0603\left\{\left|e_{1}\right\rangle,\left|f_{1}\right\rangle\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0604\left\{\left|e_{2}\right\rangle,\left|f_{2}\right\rangle\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0605a(x)
2004.05631v1_FO0606b(y)
2004.05631v1_FO0607i=1, \ldots,|X|
2004.05631v1_FO0608A_{i} \in \operatorname{hom}\left(\mathbb{C}^{X} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{Y}, \mathbb{C}^{Y}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0609A_{i}:=\left\langle x_{i}\right| \otimes \operatorname{id}_{\mathbb{C}^{Y}}
2004.05631v1_FO0610|\psi\rangle^{\prime \prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0611A_{i}|\psi\rangle \in \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0612\alpha=1, \ldots,|Y|
2004.05631v1_FO0613B_{\alpha} \in \operatorname{hom}\left(\mathbb{C}^{X} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{Y}, \mathbb{C}^{X}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0614B_{\alpha}|\psi\rangle \in \mathbb{C}^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0615M^{+}: \mathbb{C}^{Y} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0616\frac{1}{4}
2004.05631v1_FO0617R \subset X \times Y
2004.05631v1_FO0618M=\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}\left[\begin{array}{lll}1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1\end{array}\right]
2004.05631v1_FO0619\mapsto \rho_{\text {orange }}
2004.05631v1_FO0620S=A \times A \cdots \times A
2004.05631v1_FO0621\tau
2004.05631v1_FO0622\sigma \geq \tau
2004.05631v1_FO0623\sigma-\tau
2004.05631v1_FO0624\rho_{\text {orange }}
2004.05631v1_FO0625\rho_{\text {small ripe orange. Then we'll }}
2004.05631v1_FO0626\rho_{\text {orange, }}
2004.05631v1_FO0627(3.12)
2004.05631v1_FO0628X=A \times B \times C
2004.05631v1_FO0629x, y
2004.05631v1_FO0630\mathbb{C}^{A} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{B} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{C} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0631\mathbb{C}^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0632\rho_{Y}=\operatorname{tr}_{X}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|
2004.05631v1_FO0633(3.13)
2004.05631v1_FO0634A_{x}: \mathbb{C}^{X} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{Y} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0635A_{x}:=\langle x| \otimes \operatorname{id}_{\mathbb{C}^{Y}}
2004.05631v1_FO0636\left(x^{\prime}, y\right) \in X \times Y
2004.05631v1_FO0637A_{x}|\psi\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0638y x
2004.05631v1_FO0639M_{y x}=\sqrt{\pi(x, y)}
2004.05631v1_FO0640X=\left\{x_{1}, x_{2}, \ldots, x_{8}\right\}
2004.05631v1_FO0641x_{1}, x_{2}, x_{3}
2004.05631v1_FO0642x_{8}
2004.05631v1_FO0643\sqrt{\hat{\pi}\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right)}
2004.05631v1_FO06441 / \sqrt{5}
2004.05631v1_FO0645\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right) \in T
2004.05631v1_FO0646A_{i}|\psi\rangle=M\left|x_{i}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0647A_{i}|\psi\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0648Y \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0649\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{l}1 \\ 0\end{array}\right]
2004.05631v1_FO0650\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{l}0 \\ 1\end{array}\right]
2004.05631v1_FO0651A_{i}|\psi\rangle=0
2004.05631v1_FO0652M\left|x_{2}\right\rangle=M \mid
2004.05631v1_FO0653\rangle \left.=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}} \right\rvert\,
2004.05631v1_FO0654\left\langle x_{2}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0655\left|x_{8}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0656\left.\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}} \right\rvert\,
2004.05631v1_FO0657x_{i} \in T
2004.05631v1_FO0658\hat{\rho}_{x_{i}}
2004.05631v1_FO0659A_{i}|\psi\rangle=\sum_{y} \sqrt{\hat{\pi}\left(x_{i}, y\right)}|y\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0660A_{i}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| A_{i}^{\dagger}=\sum_{y, y^{\prime}} \sqrt{\hat{\pi}\left(x_{i}, y\right) \hat{\pi}\left(x_{i}, y^{\prime}\right)}|y\rangle\left\langle y^{\prime}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0661\sum_{y} \hat{\pi}\left(x_{i}, y\right)=\hat{\pi}_{X}\left(x_{i}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0662\hat{\pi}_{X}: X \rightarrow \mathbb{R}
2004.05631v1_FO0663\rho_{x_{1}}=\rho_{\text {small ripe orange }}=\frac{1}{2}\left[\begin{array}{ll}1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1\end{array}\right]
2004.05631v1_FO0664\rho_{x_{2}}=\rho_{\text {large ripe orange }}=\left[\begin{array}{ll}0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1\end{array}\right]
2004.05631v1_FO0665x_{1}=
2004.05631v1_FO0666x_{2}=
2004.05631v1_FO0667x_{3}=
2004.05631v1_FO0668x_{8}=
2004.05631v1_FO0669x_{i}=(a, b, c)
2004.05631v1_FO0670|a b c\rangle=
2004.05631v1_FO0671x_{1}, x_{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0672\hat{\rho}_{x_{1}}+\hat{\rho}_{x_{2}}+\hat{\rho}_{x_{3}}
2004.05631v1_FO0673\hat{\rho}_{\text {orange }}
2004.05631v1_FO0674\hat{\rho}_{\text {green }} \cdot
2004.05631v1_FO0675\rangle=\boldsymbol{\varphi}
2004.05631v1_FO0676\rangle=\boldsymbol{Q}
2004.05631v1_FO0677\hat{\pi}_{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0678=4 / 5
2004.05631v1_FO0679i \in\{1,2,3\}
2004.05631v1_FO0680i=1
2004.05631v1_FO0681\hat{\rho}_{\text {green }}
2004.05631v1_FO0682A_{8}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| A_{8}^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0683A_{8}|\psi\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0684\hat{\pi}: A \times B \times C \times Y \rightarrow \mathbb{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0685\pi_{C}: C \rightarrow \mathbb{R}
2004.05631v1_FO0686\hat{\rho}_{\text {orange }}:=\hat{\rho}_{x_{1}}+\hat{\rho}_{x_{2}}+\hat{\rho}_{x_{3}}
2004.05631v1_FO0687\sum_{a, b, y} \hat{\pi}(a, b
2004.05631v1_FO0688y)
2004.05631v1_FO0689\pi_{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0690b=
2004.05631v1_FO0691c=
2004.05631v1_FO0692\hat{\rho}_{\text {orange }}-\hat{\rho}_{\text {ripe orange }}=\frac{1}{5}\left[\begin{array}{ll}0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1\end{array}\right] \geq 0
2004.05631v1_FO0693\hat{\rho}_{\text {orange }} \geq \hat{\rho}_{\text {ripe orange }} \geq \hat{\rho}_{\text {small ripe orange }}
2004.05631v1_FO0694X=A^{N-1}=A \times \cdots \times A
2004.05631v1_FO0695Y=A
2004.05631v1_FO0696|\psi\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{|T|}} \sum_{(x, y) \in T}|x\rangle \otimes|y\rangle \in \mathbb{C}^{X} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0697\hat{\rho}_{x_{i}}:=A_{i}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| A_{i}^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0698A_{i}
2004.05631v1_FO0699a \in A
2004.05631v1_FO0700\hat{\pi}(a)<1
2004.05631v1_FO0701\rho_{a} \geq \pi(x \mid a) \rho_{x}
2004.05631v1_FO0702x=\left(a_{1}, \ldots, a\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0703\rho_{s}
2004.05631v1_FO0704\rho_{a}
2004.05631v1_FO0705\rho_{a}=\sum_{x \in X(a)} \pi(x \mid a) \rho_{x}
2004.05631v1_FO07062^{16}=65,536
2004.05631v1_FO0707s \in T
2004.05631v1_FO0708\hat{\pi}(s)=|\langle s \mid \psi\rangle|^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0709\left|\psi_{\mathrm{MPS}}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0710\left|\left\langle s \mid \psi_{\mathrm{MPS}}\right\rangle\right|^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0711\hat{\pi}(s)
2004.05631v1_FO0712\left|\psi_{\text {MPS }}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0713N>2
2004.05631v1_FO0714A=\{0,1\}
2004.05631v1_FO0715A^{N}=A \times \cdots \times A
2004.05631v1_FO0716N=16
2004.05631v1_FO0717N=5
2004.05631v1_FO0718s \in A^{N}
2004.05631v1_FO0719E_{N}:=\left\{s \in A^{N} \mid s\right.
2004.05631v1_FO0720O_{N}:=\left\{s \in A^{N} \mid s\right.
2004.05631v1_FO072100110 \in E_{5}
2004.05631v1_FO072200111 \in O_{5}
2004.05631v1_FO0723A^{N}=E_{N} \cup O_{N}
2004.05631v1_FO0724T \subseteq E_{N}
2004.05631v1_FO0725N_{T}
2004.05631v1_FO0726N_{T} \leq 2^{N-1}
2004.05631v1_FO0727A^{N}
2004.05631v1_FO0728\hat{\pi}: A^{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}
2004.05631v1_FO0729\pi: A^{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}
2004.05631v1_FO0730\pi(s)=1 / 2^{N-1}
2004.05631v1_FO0731\pi(s)=0
2004.05631v1_FO0732V=\mathbb{C}^{A} \cong \mathbb{C}^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0733|0\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{l}1 \\ 0\end{array}\right]
2004.05631v1_FO0734|1\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{l}0 \\ 1\end{array}\right]
2004.05631v1_FO073500101 \in E_{5}
2004.05631v1_FO0736|0\rangle \otimes|0\rangle \otimes|1\rangle \otimes|0\rangle \otimes|1\rangle \in V^{\otimes 5}
2004.05631v1_FO0737(4 \cdot 1)
2004.05631v1_FO0738\left|\psi_{\mathrm{MPS}}\right\rangle \in V^{\otimes N}
2004.05631v1_FO0739\left|\left\langle s \mid \psi_{M P S}\right\rangle\right|^{2} \approx \pi(s)=1 / 2^{N-1}
2004.05631v1_FO07403, \ldots, N-1
2004.05631v1_FO0741\mathrm{id}_{V}
2004.05631v1_FO0742V=\mathbb{C}^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO07432 \times 2
2004.05631v1_FO0744-=-\left[\begin{array}{ll}1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1\end{array}\right]
2004.05631v1_FO0745\left|\psi_{2}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0746M: V \rightarrow V^{\otimes N-1}
2004.05631v1_FO0747M \operatorname{id}_{V}: V \rightarrow V^{\otimes N-1}
2004.05631v1_FO0748\left|\psi_{2}\right\rangle=|\psi\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0749\left|\psi_{2}\right\rangle\left\langle\psi_{2}\right|: V^{\otimes N} \rightarrow V^{\otimes N}
2004.05631v1_FO0750N-2
2004.05631v1_FO0751\rho_{2}:=\operatorname{tr}_{V^{\otimes N-2}}\left|\psi_{2}\right\rangle\left\langle\psi_{2}\right|: V \otimes V \rightarrow V \otimes V
2004.05631v1_FO0752\rho_{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0753\rho_{2}=U D U^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO07544 \times 4
2004.05631v1_FO07554 \times 2
2004.05631v1_FO0756U: W \rightarrow V \otimes V
2004.05631v1_FO0757\left|\psi_{3}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0758M_{2}: V^{\otimes 2} \rightarrow V^{\otimes N-2}
2004.05631v1_FO0759M_{2} U: W \rightarrow V^{\otimes N-2}
2004.05631v1_FO0760\left|\psi_{3}\right\rangle \in W \otimes V^{\otimes N-2}
2004.05631v1_FO0761\left|\psi_{3}\right\rangle\left\langle\psi_{3}\right|
2004.05631v1_FO0762\rho_{3}
2004.05631v1_FO0763\rho_{3}=U_{3} D_{3} U_{3}^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0764U_{3}
2004.05631v1_FO0765\left|\psi_{4}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0766U_{4}
2004.05631v1_FO0767U=U_{2}, U_{3}, \ldots, U_{N}
2004.05631v1_FO0768|\langle s \mid \psi M P S\rangle|^{2} \approx 1 / 2^{N-1}
2004.05631v1_FO0769\hat{\pi}(s)=1 / N_{T}
2004.05631v1_FO0770T=E_{N}
2004.05631v1_FO0771s=(x, y)
2004.05631v1_FO0772x \in A^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0773y \in A^{3}
2004.05631v1_FO0774(x, y) \in T
2004.05631v1_FO0775T=E_{5}
2004.05631v1_FO0776V \otimes V
2004.05631v1_FO0777|00\rangle,|11\rangle,|01\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0778|01\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0779A^{2}=\{00,11,01,10\}
2004.05631v1_FO0780s_{e}
2004.05631v1_FO0781s_{o}
2004.05631v1_FO07822^{4}
2004.05631v1_FO07834 / 2^{4}
2004.05631v1_FO0784\frac{1}{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0785\left|E_{2}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0786\left|O_{2}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0787\mathbb{C}^{2} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{2} \cong \mathbb{C}^{4}
2004.05631v1_FO0788|00\rangle:=\left[\begin{array}{llll}1 & 0 & 0 & 0\end{array}\right]^{\top}
2004.05631v1_FO0789|11\rangle:=\left[\begin{array}{llll}0 & 1 & 0 & 0\end{array}\right]^{\top}
2004.05631v1_FO0790|a b\rangle=|a\rangle \otimes|b\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0791|11\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0792|1\rangle \otimes|1\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{l}0 \\ 1\end{array}\right] \otimes\left[\begin{array}{l}0 \\ 1\end{array}\right]
2004.05631v1_FO0793\left[\begin{array}{llll}0 & 0 & 0 & 1\end{array}\right]^{\top}
2004.05631v1_FO0794U^{+}: V \otimes V \rightarrow W
2004.05631v1_FO0795|00\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0796|10\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO07972 \times 4
2004.05631v1_FO0798U^{\dagger}: V \otimes V \rightarrow W
2004.05631v1_FO07992 \times 2 \times 2
2004.05631v1_FO0800\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left[\begin{array}{ll}1 & 1 \\ 0 & 0\end{array}\right]
2004.05631v1_FO0801\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left[\begin{array}{ll}0 & 0 \\ 1 & 1\end{array}\right]
2004.05631v1_FO0802E_{N}
2004.05631v1_FO0803\left|E_{2}^{\prime}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0804\left|O_{2}^{\prime}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0805N_{T}=|T|
2004.05631v1_FO0806d_{1}
2004.05631v1_FO0807d_{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0808d_{3}
2004.05631v1_FO0809d_{4}
2004.05631v1_FO0810\left|E_{2}^{\prime}\right\rangle=[\cos \theta \sin \theta
2004.05631v1_FO0811\left|O_{2}^{\prime}\right\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{llll}0 & 0 & \cos \phi & \sin \phi\end{array}\right]^{\top}
2004.05631v1_FO0812\theta
2004.05631v1_FO0813\phi
2004.05631v1_FO0814|1\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0815|\psi\rangle \in V^{\otimes 5}
2004.05631v1_FO0816G_{e}=d_{1}-d_{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0817G_{0}=d_{3}-d_{4}
2004.05631v1_FO0818\theta=\phi=\pi / 4
2004.05631v1_FO0819\left|E_{2}^{\prime}\right\rangle=\left|E_{2}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0820\left|O_{2}^{\prime}\right\rangle=\left|O_{2}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0821U_{k}
2004.05631v1_FO0822\left|E_{k}^{\prime}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0823\left|O_{k}^{\prime}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0824\theta_{k}
2004.05631v1_FO0825\phi_{k}
2004.05631v1_FO0826U_{k}^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0827\left|\left\langle s \mid \psi_{\mathrm{MPS}}\right\rangle\right|^{2}=\left|\left\langle s \mid E_{N}\right\rangle\right|^{2}=1 / 2^{N-1}
2004.05631v1_FO0828\left\langle E_{N} \mid \psi_{\mathrm{MPS}}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0829\left|E_{N}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO08300<f \leq 0.2
2004.05631v1_FO0831N_{T}=f 2^{N-1}
2004.05631v1_FO0832\left|\psi_{N}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO08332-
2004.05631v1_FO0834\rho_{N-1}
2004.05631v1_FO0835V \cong \mathbb{C}^{A}
2004.05631v1_FO0836.15 \leq f \leq 0.2
2004.05631v1_FO0837p, q: S \rightarrow \mathbb{R}
2004.05631v1_FO0838d_{B}(p, q):=-\ln \left(\sum_{s} \sqrt{p(s) q(s)}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0839p(s)=\left|\left\langle s \mid \psi_{\mathrm{MPS}}\right\rangle\right|^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0840q(s)=\left|\left\langle s \mid E_{N}\right\rangle\right|^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO0841d_{B}(p, q)=-\ln \left\langle\psi_{\mathrm{MPS}} \mid E_{N}\right\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0842\rho_{3}, \rho_{4}, \ldots, \rho_{N}
2004.05631v1_FO08432.5 \%
2004.05631v1_FO0844M(i, j)
2004.05631v1_FO0845R: \mathbb{C}^{\mathrm{op}} \times \mathrm{D} \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO0846\mathbb{C}^{X} \rightleftarrows \mathbb{C}^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0847{ }^{\text {Cop }} \rightleftarrows
2004.05631v1_FO0848{ }^{\text {D }}
2004.05631v1_FO0849R: X \times Y \rightarrow 2
2004.05631v1_FO08502^{X^{\text {op }}} \rightleftarrows\left(2^{Y}\right)^{\text {op }}
2004.05631v1_FO0851F: \mathrm{C} \rightleftarrows \mathrm{D}: G
2004.05631v1_FO0852c
2004.05631v1_FO0853\eta
2004.05631v1_FO0854\operatorname{id}_{\mathrm{C}} \Rightarrow G F
2004.05631v1_FO0855\epsilon: F G \Rightarrow \mathrm{id}_{\mathrm{D}}
2004.05631v1_FO0856F \circ \eta
2004.05631v1_FO0857F\left(\eta_{c}\right): F(c) \rightarrow F G F(c)
2004.05631v1_FO0858c, c^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0859c^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0860F: C \rightleftarrows \mathrm{D}: G
2004.05631v1_FO0861F \dashv G
2004.05631v1_FO0862U:
2004.05631v1_FO0863U V
2004.05631v1_FO0864F X
2004.05631v1_FO0865\eta: \operatorname{id}_{\text {Set }} \Longrightarrow U F
2004.05631v1_FO0866f: X \rightarrow U W
2004.05631v1_FO0867\hat{f}: F X \rightarrow W
2004.05631v1_FO0868v(x) \neq 0
2004.05631v1_FO0869(5.1)
2004.05631v1_FO0870\eta_{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0871|v\rangle=\sum_{x} v(x)|x\rangle
2004.05631v1_FO0872(5.2)
2004.05631v1_FO0873f: X \rightarrow W
2004.05631v1_FO0874\rightleftarrows
2004.05631v1_FO0875F X=\mathbb{C}^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0876X \rightarrow \mathbb{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0877X \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{\text {" }}
2004.05631v1_FO0878X \rightarrow U C
2004.05631v1_FO0879(5 \cdot 3)
2004.05631v1_FO0880{ }^{\mathrm{X}}
2004.05631v1_FO0881X \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO0882F \dashv U
2004.05631v1_FO0883M: X \times Y \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO0884\alpha: X \rightarrow U C^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO0885\alpha x(y)=M(x, y)
2004.05631v1_FO0886\beta: Y \rightarrow U C^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO0887\beta y(x)=\overline{M(x, y)}
2004.05631v1_FO0888M: F X \rightarrow F Y
2004.05631v1_FO0889M^{\dagger}: F Y \rightarrow F X
2004.05631v1_FO0890z
2004.05631v1_FO0891z^{x}
2004.05631v1_FO0892(5 \cdot 4)
2004.05631v1_FO0893(5 \cdot 5)
2004.05631v1_FO0894F X \otimes F Y
2004.05631v1_FO0895X \times Y \rightarrow U C
2004.05631v1_FO0896M: F X \rightleftarrows F Y: M^{\dagger}
2004.05631v1_FO0897F C
2004.05631v1_FO0898C
2004.05631v1_FO0899\eta: \operatorname{id}_{\text {CAT }} \Longrightarrow U F
2004.05631v1_FO0900f: \mathrm{C} \rightarrow U \mathrm{D}
2004.05631v1_FO0901\hat{f}: F C \rightarrow \mathrm{D}
2004.05631v1_FO0902F \mathrm{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0903{ }^{\text {op }}
2004.05631v1_FO0904c \rightarrow c^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0905\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{op}}
2004.05631v1_FO0906c^{\prime} \rightarrow c
2004.05631v1_FO0907\mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{D}
2004.05631v1_FO0908\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{op}} \rightarrow \mathrm{D}
2004.05631v1_FO0909\eta_{\mathrm{C}}: \mathrm{C} \rightarrow U F C
2004.05631v1_FO0910c \mapsto \mathrm{C}(-, c)
2004.05631v1_FO0911{ }^{\text {Cop }}
2004.05631v1_FO0912\hat{f}
2004.05631v1_FO0913\hat{f}: F \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{D}
2004.05631v1_FO0914V: \mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{op}} \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO0915\mathrm{C}(-, c): \mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{op}} \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO0916(5.6)
2004.05631v1_FO0917(5 \cdot 7)
2004.05631v1_FO0918\int^{c \in \mathrm{C}}
2004.05631v1_FO0919\mathrm{C}(-, c) \cdot X_{c}
2004.05631v1_FO0920X_{c}
2004.05631v1_FO0921\mathrm{C}(-, c)
2004.05631v1_FO0922f c \cdot V c
2004.05631v1_FO0923F C=
2004.05631v1_FO0924^{\text {Cop }^{\text {op }}}
2004.05631v1_FO0925\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{op}} \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO0926m \times p
2004.05631v1_FO0927M N
2004.05631v1_FO0928n \times p
2004.05631v1_FO0929\sum_{k} M_{i k} N_{k j}
2004.05631v1_FO0930\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{op}} \times D \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO0931\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{op}} \times \mathrm{D} \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO0932G: \mathrm{D}^{\mathrm{op}} \times \mathrm{E} \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO0933(5.8)
2004.05631v1_FO0934{ }^{\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{op}}}
2004.05631v1_FO0935\bar{F}
2004.05631v1_FO0936\bar{F} \mathrm{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0937\eta: \operatorname{id}_{\text {CAT }} \Longrightarrow U \bar{F}
2004.05631v1_FO0938g: \mathrm{C} \rightarrow U D
2004.05631v1_FO0939\hat{g}: \bar{F} \rightarrow \mathrm{D}
2004.05631v1_FO0940{ }^{\mathrm{C}}
2004.05631v1_FO0941{ }^{\mathrm{op}}
2004.05631v1_FO0942\overline{F C}
2004.05631v1_FO0943f: \mathrm{C} \rightarrow U
2004.05631v1_FO0944f \rightarrow f^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO0945f^{\prime} \Longrightarrow f
2004.05631v1_FO0946\mathrm{C} \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO0947\mathrm{C} \rightarrow U
2004.05631v1_FO0948\eta_{\mathrm{C}}: \mathrm{C} \rightarrow U \bar{F} \mathrm{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0949c \in \mathrm{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0950\mathrm{C}(c,-)
2004.05631v1_FO0951\hat{g}
2004.05631v1_FO0952C \rightarrow U S e t
2004.05631v1_FO0953\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{OP}} \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO0954M: C^{\mathrm{op}} \times \mathrm{D} \rightarrow U
2004.05631v1_FO0955\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{op}} \rightarrow U
2004.05631v1_FO0956^{\mathrm{D}}
2004.05631v1_FO0957A: \mathrm{C} \rightarrow\left(\text { USet }^{\mathrm{D}}\right)^{\text {op }}
2004.05631v1_FO0958A c(d)=M(c, d)
2004.05631v1_FO0959B: \mathrm{D} \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO0960{ }^{\mathrm{C}^{\text {op }}}
2004.05631v1_FO0961B d(c)=M(c, d)
2004.05631v1_FO0962M^{*}: F C \rightarrow \overline{F D}
2004.05631v1_FO0963M_{*}: \overline{F D} \rightarrow F C
2004.05631v1_FO0964M^{*}
2004.05631v1_FO0965M_{*}
2004.05631v1_FO0966\left(\operatorname{Set}^{\mathrm{D}}\right)^{\mathrm{op}}\left(M^{*} V, W\right) \cong
2004.05631v1_FO0967{ }^{\mathrm{C}^{\text {op }}}\left(V, M_{*} W\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0968F C=\mathrm{Set}^{\mathrm{C}^{\text {op }}}
2004.05631v1_FO0969M^{*} V \rightarrow W
2004.05631v1_FO0970{ }^{\mathrm{D}}
2004.05631v1_FO0971W \rightarrow M^{*} V
2004.05631v1_FO0972\Longrightarrow M_{*} M^{*}
2004.05631v1_FO0973\epsilon:
2004.05631v1_FO0974\operatorname{Fix}\left(M_{*} M^{*}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0975\eta_{c}: c \xrightarrow{\cong} M_{*} M^{*} c
2004.05631v1_FO0976\operatorname{Fix}\left(M^{*} M_{*}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO0977\epsilon_{d}: d \xrightarrow{\cong} M^{*} M_{*} d
2004.05631v1_FO0978\mathrm{D}=\mathrm{C}
2004.05631v1_FO0979M: \mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{op}} \times \mathrm{C} \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO0980\mathrm{C}(-,-)
2004.05631v1_FO0981M^{*} \dashv M_{*}
2004.05631v1_FO0982P
2004.05631v1_FO0983P=\mathrm{Q}
2004.05631v1_FO0984[0, \infty]
2004.05631v1_FO0985A: C \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO0986{ }^{C^{\mathrm{op}}}
2004.05631v1_FO0987B: D \rightarrow\left(\text { USet }{ }^{\mathrm{D}}\right)^{\text {op }}
2004.05631v1_FO0988\mathrm{Set}^{\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{Op}}}
2004.05631v1_FO0989\mathrm{Set}^{D}
2004.05631v1_FO0990M_{*} M^{*}
2004.05631v1_FO0991M^{*} M_{*}
2004.05631v1_FO0992M: X \times Y \rightarrow U C
2004.05631v1_FO0993M: C^{\mathrm{op}} \times \mathrm{D} \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO0994F: C \rightarrow \mathrm{D}
2004.05631v1_FO0995a \xrightarrow{\cong} F a
2004.05631v1_FO0996M^{*}:
2004.05631v1_FO0997^{\text {Cop }^{\text {op }}} \rightleftarrows\left(\text { Set }^{\text {D }}\right)^{\text {op }}: M_{*}
2004.05631v1_FO0998\mathcal{V}
2004.05631v1_FO0999\leq
2004.05631v1_FO1000f: P \rightarrow Q
2004.05631v1_FO1001f\left(p \vee p^{\prime}\right)=f p \vee f p^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO1002p, p^{\prime} \in P
2004.05631v1_FO1003p, p^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO1004P\left(p, p^{\prime}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO1005p \rightarrow p^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO1006p \leq p^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO1007f: X \rightarrow U P
2004.05631v1_FO1008\hat{f}: F X \rightarrow P
2004.05631v1_FO1009p=p \vee p^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO1010p^{\prime} \leq p
2004.05631v1_FO1011f p=f\left(p \vee p^{\prime}\right)=f p \vee f p^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO1012f p^{\prime} \leq f p
2004.05631v1_FO1013A \in F X
2004.05631v1_FO1014A, B \subseteq X
2004.05631v1_FO1015A \vee B:=A \cup B
2004.05631v1_FO1016F X=2^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO1017{ }^{C^{\text {op }}}
2004.05631v1_FO1018a \vee b
2004.05631v1_FO1019U 2=\{0,1\}
2004.05631v1_FO1020a \wedge b
2004.05631v1_FO1021R \subseteq X \times Y
2004.05631v1_FO1022R: X \times Y \rightarrow U 2
2004.05631v1_FO10230 \rightarrow 1
2004.05631v1_FO1024\varnothing \leq A
2004.05631v1_FO1025A \subseteq X
2004.05631v1_FO1026\bar{A}: X \rightarrow U 2
2004.05631v1_FO1027\bar{A} x=1
2004.05631v1_FO1028x \in A
2004.05631v1_FO10292\left(p, p^{\prime}\right)
2004.05631v1_FO1030(5.12)
2004.05631v1_FO1031\bar{A}, \bar{B}: X \rightarrow U 2
2004.05631v1_FO10322(A, B)
2004.05631v1_FO1033A \subseteq B
2004.05631v1_FO1034B x
2004.05631v1_FO1035A x \leq B x
2004.05631v1_FO1036[A x, B x]
2004.05631v1_FO1037[-,-]: 2 \times 2 \rightarrow 2
2004.05631v1_FO10382(\bar{A}, \bar{B})
2004.05631v1_FO1039P^{\text {op }} \rightarrow 2
2004.05631v1_FO1040P^{\text {op }}
2004.05631v1_FO1041x \leq x^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO1042x=x^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO1043X^{\mathrm{op}}=X
2004.05631v1_FO1044X^{\mathrm{op}} \rightarrow 2
2004.05631v1_FO1045X \rightarrow U 2
2004.05631v1_FO1046\eta_{X}: X \rightarrow U F X
2004.05631v1_FO1047U 2^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO1048\eta: \mathrm{id}_{\text {Set }} \Longrightarrow U \bar{F}
2004.05631v1_FO1049\bar{F} X
2004.05631v1_FO1050g: X \rightarrow U P
2004.05631v1_FO1051\hat{g}: \bar{F} X \rightarrow P
2004.05631v1_FO1052B \in \bar{F} X
2004.05631v1_FO1053(5.15)
2004.05631v1_FO1054(5.16)
2004.05631v1_FO1055A \wedge B:=A \cup B
2004.05631v1_FO1056U 2^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO1057Y \rightarrow U 2
2004.05631v1_FO1058\eta_{X}: X \rightarrow U \bar{F} X
2004.05631v1_FO1059(F X)^{\text {op }}
2004.05631v1_FO1060\hat{g}(A \cup B)=\hat{g} A \cap \hat{g} B
2004.05631v1_FO1061C^{\text {op }} \rightarrow
2004.05631v1_FO1062x \mapsto\{x\}
2004.05631v1_FO1063(F X)^{\mathrm{op}}
2004.05631v1_FO1064(F Y)^{\text {op }} \rightarrow P
2004.05631v1_FO1065A \cup B=B
2004.05631v1_FO1066p \wedge p^{\prime}=p^{\prime}
2004.05631v1_FO1067A, B \in F Y
2004.05631v1_FO1068a: X \rightarrow U 2^{Y}
2004.05631v1_FO1069(5.17)
2004.05631v1_FO1070b: Y \rightarrow U 2^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO1071f: F X \rightarrow(F Y)^{\mathrm{op}}
2004.05631v1_FO1072g:(F Y)^{\mathrm{op}} \rightarrow F X
2004.05631v1_FO1073B \subseteq Y
2004.05631v1_FO1074(F Y)^{\mathrm{op}}(f A, B) \cong F X(A, g B)
2004.05631v1_FO1075B \in F Y
2004.05631v1_FO1076(A, B)
2004.05631v1_FO1077a x^{-1}(1)
2004.05631v1_FO1078b y^{-1}(1)
2004.05631v1_FO1079\{x \in X \mid R(x, y)=1\}
2004.05631v1_FO1080\mathrm{C}(-,-): \mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{op}} \times \mathrm{C} \rightarrow U
2004.05631v1_FO1081P(-,-): P^{\text {op }} \times P \rightarrow U 2
2004.05631v1_FO1082\mathrm{C}=X
2004.05631v1_FO1083\mathrm{D}=Y
2004.05631v1_FO1084R:=M: X \times Y \rightarrow U 2
2004.05631v1_FO1085|M(x, y)|^{2}
2004.05631v1_FO1086U: C \rightleftarrows \mathrm{D}: F
2004.05631v1_FO1087E
2004.05631v1_FO1088U F X
2004.05631v1_FO1089X \rightarrow U E
2004.05631v1_FO1090X \times Y \rightarrow U E
2004.05631v1_FO1091X \rightarrow U F X
2004.05631v1_FO1092Y \rightarrow U F Y
2004.05631v1_FO1093F X \rightarrow F Y
2004.05631v1_FO1094F Y \rightarrow F X
2004.05631v1_FO1095F X \rightleftarrows F Y
2004.05631v1_FO1096U:(\mathrm{Co})
2004.05631v1_FO1097F C \rightleftarrows F D
2004.05631v1_FO1098F X \rightleftarrows(F Y)^{\text {op }}
2004.05631v1_FO1099U: \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{D}
2004.05631v1_FO1100U: \mathrm{C} \rightleftarrows \mathrm{D}: F
2004.05631v1_FO1101U E^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO1102Y \in \mathrm{D}
2004.05631v1_FO1103M: Y \times X \rightarrow U E
2004.05631v1_FO1104m: Y \rightarrow U E^{X}
2004.05631v1_FO1105(5.20)
2004.05631v1_FO1106I
2004.05631v1_FO1107\operatorname{id}_{\mathrm{D}} \Longrightarrow U F
2004.05631v1_FO1108f: X \rightarrow U C
2004.05631v1_FO1109\hat{f}: F X \rightarrow C
2004.05631v1_FO1110C=F Y
2004.05631v1_FO1111X \rightarrow U F Y
2004.05631v1_FO1112(5.21)
2004.05631v1_FO1113d \rightarrow I
2004.05631v1_FO1114(5.22)
2004.05631v1_FO1115\mathrm{C}(F X, F Y)
2004.05631v1_FO1116\mathrm{C}(F Y, F X)

Display Equations (254)

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2004.05631v1_EQ0001_p012(1.1)a(x):=\{y \in Y \mid R(x, y)=1\} \quad b(y):=\{x \in X \mid R(x, y)=1\}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0002_p012(\1.2\)f(A):=\bigcap_{x \in A} a(x) .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0003_p012(\1.3\)g(B):=\bigcap_{y \in B} b(y)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0004_p012(1.4)A \subseteq g(B) \quad \text { if and only if } \quad B \subseteq f(A)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0005_p013X=\{\text { orange, green, purple }\} \quad Y=\{\text { fruit, vegetable }\}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0006_p013\begin{aligned} R(\text { orange, fruit }) & =1 \\ R(\text { green, fruit }) & =1 \\ R(\text { purple, vegetable }) & =1 \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0007_p013\begin{aligned} a(\text { orange }) & =\{\text { fruit }\} \\ a(\text { green }) & =\{\text { fruit }\} \\ a(\text { purple }) & =\{\text { vegetable }\} \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0008_p013\begin{aligned} b(\text { fruit }) & =\{\text { orange }, \text { green }\} \\ b(\text { vegetable }) & =\{\text { purple }\} \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0009_p015\text { formal concepts of } R \cong \text { Fix } f g \cong \text { Fix } g f \text {. }crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0010_p015f(g B)=f A=B \quad g(f A)=g B=A .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0011_p015A \subseteq g(B) \text { if and only if } B \subseteq f(A),crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0012_p016\left[\begin{array}{c} \mid \\ \alpha(x) \\ \mid \end{array}\right]=M=\left[\begin{array}{lll} - & \beta(y) & - \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0013_p016(\1.5\)\operatorname{hom}_{\mathrm{C}}(F A, B) \cong \operatorname{hom}_{\mathrm{D}}(A, G B)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0014_p017(1.6)\langle M v, w\rangle=\left\langle v, M^{\dagger} w\right\rangle .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0015_p017\langle M v, w\rangle=\left\langle v, M^{\dagger} w\right\ranglecrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0016_p022\sum_{s \in S} \pi(s)=1, \quad \pi(s) \geq 0 \text { for all } s \in Scrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0017_p022\sum_{(x, y) \in X \times Y} \pi(x, y)=1crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0018_p022\pi_{X}(x)=\sum_{y \in Y} \pi(x, y) \quad \pi_{Y}(y)=\sum_{x \in X} \pi(x, y) .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0019_p022X=\{\text { orange, green, purple }\} \quad Y=\{\text { fruit, vegetable }\}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0020_p023\begin{array}{lll} \pi_{X}=\left(\frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{3}\right) & \leftrightarrow & \begin{array}{l} \text { orange } \\ \text { green } \\ \text { purple } \end{array} \\ \hline \pi_{Y}=\left(\frac{2}{3}, \frac{1}{3}\right) & \leftrightarrow & \begin{array}{l} \text { fruit } \\ \text { fruit } \\ \text { vegetable } \end{array} \end{array}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0021_p024M=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} \sqrt{\frac{1}{3}} & \sqrt{\frac{1}{3}} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \sqrt{\frac{1}{3}} \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0022_p024M^{\dagger} M=\left[\begin{array}{lll} \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{3} & 0 \\ \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{3} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{3} \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0023_p024\text { orange }\left[\begin{array}{ccc} \text { orange } & \text { green } & \text { purple } \\ \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{3} & 0 \\ \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{3} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{3} \end{array}\right] \quad \leftrightarrow \quad \pi_{X}=\left(\frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{3}\right)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0024_p025\begin{array}{ccc} \pi \text { (orange|fruit) } \\ \pi \text { (green|fruit) } & {\left[\begin{array}{c} \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \\ \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \\ 0 \end{array}\right]} & \text { fruit } \\ \pi \text { (purple|fruit) } & \begin{array}{c} \text { Orange fruit } \\ \text { green fruit } \end{array} \\ \pi \text { (orange|vegetable) } & {\left[\begin{array}{c} 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{array}\right]} & \begin{array}{c} \text { vegetable } \\ \text { r(green|vegetable) } \end{array} \end{array} \text { purple vegetable }crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0025_p025M_{i j}:=\sqrt{\pi\left(x_{j}, y_{i}\right)}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0026_p027\langle v \mid w\rangle=\sum_{s \in S} \overline{v(s)} w(s) .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0027_p027\left|s_{i}\right\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{c} 0 \\ \vdots \\ 1 \\ \vdots \\ 0 \end{array}\right] \leftarrow i \text { th entry }crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0028_p027|v\rangle=\sum_{s \in S} v(s)|s\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{c} v\left(s_{1}\right) \\ \vdots \\ v\left(s_{n}\right) \end{array}\right] \quad v(s) \in \mathbb{C}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0029_p028\begin{gathered} V \xrightarrow{\langle v|} \mathbb{C} \\ \left|v^{\prime}\right\rangle \longmapsto\left\langle v \mid v^{\prime}\right\rangle \end{gathered}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0030_p028\langle v|=\sum_{s \in S} \overline{v(s)}\langle s|=\left[\overline{\overline{v\left(s_{1}\right)}} \quad \cdots \quad \overline{v\left(s_{n}\right)}\right] \quad v(s) \in \mathbb{C}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0031_p028|v\rangle \longleftrightarrow\langle v|crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0032_p028\begin{aligned} & V \xrightarrow{|w\rangle\langle v|} W \\ & \left|v^{\prime}\right\rangle \longmapsto|w\rangle\left\langle v \mid v^{\prime}\right\rangle \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0033_p028(2.1)|w\rangle \otimes|v\rangle=|w\rangle\langle v| .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0034_p028F(X)=X \times Ycrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0035_p028\begin{aligned} & \text { Set } \xrightarrow{X \times-} \text { Set } \\ & Y \longmapsto X \times Y \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0036_p028\begin{aligned} & V \xrightarrow{\langle v \mid-\rangle} \mathbb{C} \\ & v^{\prime} \longmapsto\left\langle v \mid v^{\prime}\right\rangle \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0037_p029|w\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 i \end{array}\right] \quad|v\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{c} 4 i \\ 5 \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0038_p029|w\rangle \otimes|v\rangle=|w\rangle\langle v|=\left[\begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 i \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{ll} -4 i & 5 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{cc} -4 i & 5 \\ -8 i & 10 \\ 12 & 15 i \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0039_p029|w\rangle \otimes|v\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{c} -4 i \\ 5 \\ -8 i \\ 10 \\ 12 \\ 15 i \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0040_p029\operatorname{tr}\left|v^{\prime}\right\rangle\langle v|=\left\langle v \mid v^{\prime}\right\ranglecrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0041_p030\left|v^{\prime}\right\rangle\langle v|=\left[\begin{array}{c} \vdots \\ v^{\prime}(s) \\ \vdots \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{lll} \cdots & \overline{v(s)} & \cdots \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0042_p030(2.2)|v w\rangle\left\langle v^{\prime} w^{\prime}\right|=|v\rangle\left\langle v^{\prime}\right| \otimes|w\rangle\left\langle w^{\prime}\right| .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0043_p030(\2.3\)\left(f \otimes f^{\prime}\right)|a\rangle \otimes\left|a^{\prime}\right\rangle:=f|a\rangle \otimes f\left|a^{\prime}\right\rangle .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0044_p030\begin{aligned} \left\langle v^{\prime} w^{\prime} \mid s t\right\rangle & =\left(\left\langle v^{\prime}\right| \otimes\left\langle w^{\prime}\right|\right)|s\rangle \otimes|t\rangle \\ & =\left\langle v^{\prime} \mid s\right\rangle\left\langle w^{\prime} \mid t\right\rangle \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0045_p030|v w\rangle \overbrace{\left\langle v^{\prime} \mid s\right\rangle\left\langle w^{\prime} \mid t\right\rangle}^{\text {a number }} .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0046_p031\begin{aligned} \left(|v\rangle\left\langle v^{\prime}\right| \otimes|w\rangle\left\langle w^{\prime}\right|\right)|s\rangle \otimes|t\rangle & =|v\rangle\left\langle v^{\prime} \mid s\right\rangle \otimes|w\rangle\left\langle w^{\prime} \mid t\right\rangle \\ & =|v\rangle \otimes|w\rangle\left\langle v^{\prime} \mid s\right\rangle\left\langle w^{\prime} \mid t\right\rangle \\ & =|v w\rangle \overbrace{\left\langle v^{\prime} \mid s\right\rangle\left\langle w^{\prime} \mid t\right\rangle}^{\text {a number }} . \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0047_p031i-\bigcirc-jcrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0048_p035\sum_{i} M_{i i}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0049_p036|\psi\rangle=\sum_{\left(x_{i_{1}}, \cdots, x_{i_{N}}\right) \in X^{N}} \psi_{i_{1} i_{2} \cdots i_{N}}\left|x_{i_{1}}\right\rangle \otimes\left|x_{i_{2}}\right\rangle \otimes \cdots \otimes\left|x_{i_{N}}\right\rangle .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0050_p038(\2.4\)\pi_{\rho}(s)=\langle s| \rho|s\rangle \quad s \in S .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0051_p038(\2.5\)\pi=\pi_{\rho}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0052_p038\rho_{\operatorname{diag}}=\left[\begin{array}{cccc} \pi\left(s_{1}\right) & & & \\ & \pi\left(s_{2}\right) & & \\ & & \ddots & \\ & & & \pi\left(s_{n}\right) \end{array}\right] \quad \pi=\left(\frac{3}{5}, \frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{5}\right) \quad \text { तm }\left[\begin{array}{ccc} \frac{3}{5} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & \frac{1}{5} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{5} \end{array}\right]=\rho_{\text {diag }}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0053_p039(2.6)|\psi\rangle=\sum_{s \in S} \sqrt{\pi(s)}|s\ranglecrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0054_p039(\2.7\)\rho_{\pi}:=|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0055_p039\pi_{\rho_{\pi}}(s)=\langle s \mid \psi\rangle\langle\psi \mid s\rangle=(\sqrt{\pi(s)})^{2}=\pi(s) .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0056_p039\rho_{\pi}=\left[\begin{array}{c} \vdots \\ \sqrt{\pi(s)} \\ \vdots \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{lll} \cdots & \sqrt{\pi(s)} & \cdots \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0057_p039|\psi\rangle=\square|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|=\squarecrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0058_p039\begin{aligned} \pi=\left(\frac{3}{5}, \frac{1}{5}, \frac{1}{5}\right) & \leadsto\left[\begin{array}{l} \sqrt{\frac{3}{5}} \\ \sqrt{\frac{1}{5}} \\ \sqrt{\frac{1}{5}} \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{lll} \sqrt{\frac{3}{5}} & \sqrt{\frac{1}{5}} & \sqrt{\frac{1}{5}} \end{array}\right] \\ & =\left[\begin{array}{ccc} \frac{3}{5} & \frac{\sqrt{3}}{5} & \frac{\sqrt{3}}{5} \\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{5} & \frac{1}{5} & \frac{1}{5} \\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{5} & \frac{1}{5} & \frac{1}{5} \end{array}\right]=\rho_{\pi} \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0059_p040(2.8)\rho=\sum_{i=1}^{r} \lambda_{i}\left|e_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle e_{i}\right|crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0060_p041\rho=\left[\begin{array}{lll} \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{3} & 0 \\ \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{3} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{3} \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0061_p041\left|e_{1}\right\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{c} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\ 0 \end{array}\right] \quad\left|e_{2}\right\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{l} 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0062_p041\begin{aligned} & s_{1} \text { has probability }\left|\left\langle s_{1} \mid e_{1}\right\rangle\right|^{2}=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)=\frac{1}{2}, \\ & s_{2} \text { has probability }\left|\left\langle s_{2} \mid e_{1}\right\rangle\right|^{2}=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)=\frac{1}{2}, \\ & s_{3} \text { has probability }\left|\left\langle s_{3} \mid e_{1}\right\rangle\right|^{2}=0 . \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0063_p041\begin{aligned} & s_{1} \text { has probability }\left|\left\langle s_{1} \mid e_{2}\right\rangle\right|^{2}=0, \\ & s_{2} \text { has probability }\left|\left\langle s_{2} \mid e_{2}\right\rangle\right|^{2}=0, \\ & s_{3} \text { has probability }\left|\left\langle s_{3} \mid e_{2}\right\rangle\right|^{2}=1 . \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0064_p042p(|v\rangle,|w\rangle+|z\rangle)=|v\rangle \neq 2|v\rangle=p(|v\rangle,|w\rangle)+p(|v\rangle,|z\rangle)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0065_p043\operatorname{End}(V \otimes W) \cong \operatorname{End} V \otimes \operatorname{End} W .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0066_p043\begin{aligned} \operatorname{End}(V \otimes W) & \cong(V \otimes W) \otimes(V \otimes W)^{*} \\ & \cong V \otimes W \otimes V^{*} \otimes W^{*} \\ & \cong V \otimes V^{*} \otimes W \otimes W^{*} \\ & \cong \operatorname{End}(V) \otimes \operatorname{End}(W) \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0067_p044\operatorname{tr}_{W}(f \otimes g):=f \operatorname{tr}(g) \quad \operatorname{tr}_{V}(f \otimes g):=g \operatorname{tr}(f)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0068_p044(2.9)f=\sum_{\substack{i, \alpha \\ j, \beta}} f_{i \alpha, j \beta}\left|x_{i} y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j} y_{\beta}\right|crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0069_p044(2.9)\operatorname{tr}_{W} f=\sum_{\substack{i, j \\ \alpha}} f_{i \alpha, j \alpha}\left|x_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j}\right| \quad \operatorname{tr}_{V} f=\sum_{\substack{\alpha, \beta \\ i}} f_{i \alpha, i \beta}\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle y_{\beta}\right| .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0070_p044\begin{aligned} \operatorname{tr}_{W} & :=\operatorname{id}_{\operatorname{End}(V)} \otimes \operatorname{tr} \\ \operatorname{tr}_{V} & :=\operatorname{tr} \otimes \operatorname{id}_{\operatorname{End}(W)} \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0071_p044\operatorname{tr} M=\sum_{i} M_{i i}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0072_p044f=\left[\begin{array}{lll|lll} f_{1 \alpha, 1 \alpha} & f_{1 \alpha, 1 \beta} & f_{1 \alpha, 1 \gamma} & f_{1 \alpha, 2 \alpha} & f_{1 \alpha, 2 \beta} & f_{1 \alpha, 2 \gamma} \\ f_{1 \beta, 1 \alpha} & f_{1 \beta, 1 \beta} & f_{1 \beta, 1 \gamma} & f_{1 \beta, 2 \alpha} & f_{1 \beta, 2 \beta} & f_{1 \beta, 2 \gamma} \\ f_{1 \gamma, 1 \alpha} & f_{1 \gamma, 1 \beta} & f_{1 \gamma, 1 \gamma} & f_{1 \gamma, 2 \alpha} & f_{1 \gamma, 2 \beta} & f_{1 \gamma, 2 \gamma} \\ \hdashline f_{2 \alpha, 1 \alpha} & f_{2 \alpha, 1 \beta} & f_{2 \alpha, 1 \gamma} & f_{2 \alpha, 2 \alpha} & f_{2 \alpha, 2 \beta} & f_{2 \alpha, 2 \gamma} \\ f_{2 \beta, 1 \alpha} & f_{2 \beta, 1 \beta} & f_{2 \beta, 1 \gamma} & f_{2 \beta, 2 \alpha} & f_{2 \beta, 2 \beta} & f_{2 \beta, 2 \gamma} \\ f_{2 \gamma, 1 \alpha} & f_{2 \gamma, 1 \beta} & f_{2 \gamma, 1 \gamma} & f_{2 \gamma, 2 \alpha} & f_{2 \gamma, 2 \beta} & f_{2 \gamma, 2 \gamma} \end{array}\right] \quad \begin{gathered} \left(\operatorname{tr}_{W} f\right)_{11}=\sum_{\alpha} f_{1 \alpha, 1 \alpha} \\ \operatorname{tr}_{W} f= \end{gathered} \quad \begin{gathered} \\ \square \end{gathered} f_{12}=\sum_{\alpha} f_{1 \alpha, 2 \alpha}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0073_p045f=\sum_{\substack{i, \alpha \\ j, \beta}} f_{i \alpha, j \beta}\left|x_{i} y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j} y_{\beta}\right|crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0074_p045\left(f_{V}\right)_{i j}=\sum_{\alpha} f_{i \alpha, j \alpha}=\sum_{\alpha} \overline{f_{j \alpha, i \alpha}}=\overline{\left(f_{V}\right)_{j i}}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0075_p045\sum_{\substack{i, \alpha \\ j, \beta}} \overline{\phi_{i \alpha}} \phi_{j \beta} f_{i \alpha, j \beta} \geq 0 \quad \text { for any } \phi_{i \alpha}, \phi_{j \beta} \in \mathbb{C} .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0076_p045\begin{aligned} \operatorname{tr}_{W} f & =\sum_{\substack{i, \alpha \\ j, \beta}} f_{i \alpha, j \beta} \operatorname{tr}_{W}\left|x_{i} y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j} y_{\beta}\right| \\ & =\sum_{\substack{i, \alpha \\ j, \beta}} f_{i \alpha, j \beta} \operatorname{tr}_{W}\left(\left|x_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j}\right| \otimes\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle y_{\beta}\right|\right) \\ & =\sum_{\substack{i, \alpha \\ j, \beta}} f_{i \alpha, j \beta}\left|x_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j}\right| \otimes \operatorname{tr}\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle y_{\beta}\right| \\ & =\sum_{\substack{i, \alpha \\ j, \beta}} f_{i \alpha, j \beta}\left|x_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j}\right| \otimes\left\langle y_{\alpha} \mid y_{\beta}\right\rangle \\ & =\sum_{\substack{i, j \\ \alpha}} f_{i \alpha, j \alpha}\left|x_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j}\right| . \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0077_p046\rho_{V}:=\operatorname{tr}_{W} \rho \quad \text { and } \quad \rho_{W}:=\operatorname{tr}_{V} \rhocrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0078_p046\pi_{\rho_{X}}=\left(\pi_{\rho}\right)_{X} \quad \text { and } \quad \pi_{\rho_{Y}}=\left(\pi_{\rho}\right)_{Y}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0079_p046\rho=\sum_{\substack{x y \\ x^{\prime} y^{\prime}}} \rho_{x y, x^{\prime} y^{\prime}}|x y\rangle\left\langle x^{\prime} y^{\prime}\right|crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0080_p046\pi_{\rho}(x, y):=\langle x y| \rho|x y\rangle=\rho_{x y, x y}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0081_p046\langle x| \rho_{X}\left|x^{\prime}\right\rangle=\sum_{y} \rho_{x y, x^{\prime} y}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0082_p046\pi_{\rho_{X}}(x):=\langle x| \rho_{X}|x\rangle=\sum_{y} \rho_{x y, x y}=\sum_{y} \pi_{\rho}(x, y)=\left(\pi_{\rho}\right)_{X}(x)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0083_p047\rho_{V}=\sum_{\alpha} B_{\alpha} \rho B_{\alpha}^{\dagger} \quad \rho_{W}=\sum_{i} A_{i} \rho A_{i}^{\dagger}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0084_p047B_{\alpha}\left(\left|x_{j}\right\rangle \otimes\left|y_{\beta}\right\rangle\right)= \begin{cases}\left|x_{j}\right\rangle & \text { if } \beta=\alpha \\ 0 & \text { otherwise }\end{cases}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0085_p047B_{\alpha}^{\dagger}|x\rangle=|x\rangle \otimes\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0086_p047(2.10)\left\langle x_{i}\right| \sum_{\gamma} B_{\gamma} \rho B_{\gamma}^{\dagger}\left|x_{j}\right\rangle=\sum_{\gamma} \rho_{i \gamma, j \gamma} .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0087_p047(2.11)\left\langle x_{i}\right| B_{\gamma} \rho B_{\gamma}^{\dagger}\left|x_{j}\right\ranglecrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0088_p048\rho\left|x_{j} y_{\gamma}\right\rangle=\sum_{\substack{i^{\prime}, \alpha \\ j^{\prime}, \beta}} \rho_{i^{\prime} \alpha, j^{\prime} \beta}\left|x_{i} y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j^{\prime}} y_{\beta} \mid x_{j} y_{\gamma}\right\rangle=\sum_{i^{\prime}, \alpha} \rho_{i^{\prime} \alpha, j \gamma}\left|x_{i}^{\prime} y_{\alpha}\right\ranglecrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0089_p048\sum_{i^{\prime}, \alpha} \rho_{i^{\prime} \alpha, j \gamma}\left\langle x_{i} B_{\gamma} \mid x_{i^{\prime}} y_{\alpha}\right\rangle=\sum_{i^{\prime}} \rho_{i^{\prime} \gamma, j \gamma}\left\langle x_{i} \mid x_{i^{\prime}}\right\rangle=\rho_{i \gamma, i \gamma \prime}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0090_p048\sum_{\alpha} B_{\alpha}^{\dagger} B_{\alpha}\left(\left|x_{j}\right\rangle \otimes\left|y_{\beta}\right\rangle\right)=B_{\beta}^{\dagger}\left|x_{j}\right\rangle=\left|x_{j}\right\rangle \otimes\left|y_{\beta}\right\ranglecrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0091_p048(2.12)V \otimes W \cong V^{*} \otimes W \cong \operatorname{hom}(V, W)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0092_p049|\psi\rangle=\sum_{x, y} \psi_{x y}|x\rangle \otimes|y\rangle,crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0093_p049\left[\begin{array}{l} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \\ 4 \\ 5 \\ 6 \end{array}\right] \quad \rightsquigarrow \quad\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 4 \\ 2 & 5 \\ 3 & 6 \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0094_p049(2.13)M=V \Sigma U^{\dagger} .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0095_p049(2.14)M=V D U_{0}^{\dagger}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0096_p050crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0097_p050\begin{aligned} & \left.\left[\begin{array}{lll} * & * & * \\ * & * & * \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ll} * & * \\ * & * \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{ll} * & \\ & * \end{array}\right] \begin{array}{l} 0 \\ 0 \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{lll} * & * & * \\ * & * & * \end{array}\right] \\ & M \quad=\quad V \quad D \quad U_{0}^{\dagger} \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0098_p050(2.15)|\psi\rangle=\sum_{i=1}^{m} \sigma_{i}\left|f_{i}\right\rangle \otimes\left|e_{i}\right\ranglecrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0099_p050|\psi\rangle=\sum_{i, \alpha} \psi_{i \alpha}\left|x_{i}\right\rangle \otimes\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0100_p051\begin{aligned} \rho & =|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| \\ & =\left(\sum_{i=1}^{m} \sigma_{i}\left|e_{i}\right\rangle \otimes\left|f_{i}\right\rangle\right)\left(\sum_{j=1}^{m} \sigma_{j}\left\langle f_{j}\right| \otimes\left\langle e_{j}\right|\right) \\ & =\sum_{i, j=1}^{m} \sigma_{i} \sigma_{j}\left|e_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle e_{j}\right| \otimes\left|f_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle f_{j}\right| \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0101_p051(2.16)\begin{aligned} \operatorname{tr}_{W}\left(\sum_{i, j=1}^{m} \sigma_{i} \sigma_{j}\left|e_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle e_{j}\right| \otimes\left|f_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle f_{j}\right|\right) & =\sum_{i, j=1}^{m} \sigma_{i} \sigma_{j}\left|e_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle e_{j}\right| \cdot \operatorname{tr}\left(\left|f_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle f_{j}\right|\right) \\ & =\sum_{i, j=1}^{m} \sigma_{i} \sigma_{j}\left|e_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle e_{j}\right|\left\langle f_{i} \mid f_{j}\right\rangle \\ & =\sum_{i=1}^{m} \sigma_{i}^{2}\left|e_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle e_{i}\right| \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0102_p052(2.17)\begin{aligned} \operatorname{tr}_{V}\left(\sum_{i, j=1}^{m} \sigma_{i} \sigma_{j}\left|e_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle e_{j}\right| \otimes\left|f_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle f_{j}\right|\right) & =\sum_{i, j=1}^{m} \sigma_{i} \sigma_{j} \operatorname{tr}\left(\left|e_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle e_{j}\right|\right) \cdot\left|f_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle f_{j}\right| \\ & =\sum_{i, j=1}^{m} \sigma_{i} \sigma_{j}\left\langle e_{i} \mid e_{j}\right\rangle\left|f_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle f_{j}\right| \\ & =\sum_{i=1}^{m} \sigma_{i}^{2}\left|f_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle f_{i}\right| \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0103_p052(2.17)\rho_{V}\left|e_{i}\right\rangle=\lambda_{i}\left|e_{i}\right\rangle \quad \text { and } \quad \rho_{W}\left|f_{i}\right\rangle=\lambda_{i}\left|f_{i}\right\ranglecrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0104_p052\left|e_{i}\right\rangle \stackrel{\lambda_{i}}{\longleftrightarrow}\left|f_{i}\right\ranglecrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0105_p052M\left|e_{i}\right\rangle=\lambda_{i}\left|f_{i}\right\rangle \quad M^{\dagger}\left|f_{i}\right\rangle=\lambda_{i}\left|e_{i}\right\rangle .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0106_p052(2.18)\rho_{V}=U D^{2} U^{\dagger} \quad \rho_{W}=V D^{2} V^{\dagger}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0107_p052(2.19)\rho_{V}=M^{\dagger} M \quad \rho_{W}=M M^{\dagger}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0108_p052\begin{aligned} M^{\dagger} M & =\left(V D U^{\dagger}\right)^{\dagger}\left(V D U^{\dagger}\right) \\ & =U D^{\dagger} V^{\dagger} V D U^{\dagger} \\ & =U D^{2} U^{\dagger} \\ & =\rho_{V} \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0109_p053\begin{aligned} M M^{\dagger} & =\left(V D U^{\dagger}\right)\left(V D U^{\dagger}\right)^{\dagger} \\ & =V D^{\dagger} U^{\dagger} U D V^{\dagger} \\ & =V D^{2} V^{\dagger} \\ & =\rho_{W} \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0110_p056\pi(x, y)=\pi_{X}(x) \pi_{Y}(y)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0111_p056\pi_{\rho}(x, y)=\pi_{\rho_{X}}(x) \pi_{\rho_{Y}}(y)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0112_p056\begin{aligned} \pi_{\rho}(x, y) & =\langle x y \mid a b\rangle\langle a b \mid x y\rangle \\ & =\langle x \mid a\rangle\langle y \mid b\rangle\langle a \mid x\rangle\langle b \mid y\rangle \\ & =|\langle a \mid x\rangle|^{2}|\langle b \mid y\rangle|^{2} \\ & =\pi_{\rho_{X}}(x) \pi_{\rho_{Y}}(y) . \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0113_p056\pi_{\rho}(x, y)=\left(\pi_{\rho}\right)_{X}(x)\left(\pi_{\rho}\right)_{Y}(y) .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0114_p062(\3.1\)|\psi\rangle=\sum_{i, \alpha} \sqrt{\pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right)}\left|x_{i}\right\rangle \otimes\left|y_{\alpha}\right\ranglecrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0115_p063\begin{aligned} \rho & =|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| \\ & =\left(\sum_{i, \alpha} \sqrt{\pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right)}\left|x_{i}\right\rangle \otimes\left|y_{\beta}\right\rangle\right)\left(\sum_{j, \beta} \sqrt{\pi\left(x_{j}, y_{\beta}\right)}\left\langle x_{j}\right| \otimes\left\langle y_{\beta}\right|\right) \\ & =\sum_{\substack{i, \alpha \\ j, \beta}} \sqrt{\pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right) \pi\left(x_{j}, y_{\beta}\right)}\left|x_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j}\right| \otimes\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle y_{\beta}\right| \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0116_p063\rho_{X}=M^{\dagger} M \quad \rho_{Y}=M M^{\dagger}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0117_p064M_{\alpha i}:=\sqrt{\pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right)}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0118_p064\begin{aligned} \rho_{X} & =\operatorname{tr}_{Y}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| \\ & =\sum_{\substack{i, \alpha \\ j, \beta}} \sqrt{\pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right) \pi\left(x_{j}, y_{\beta}\right)} \operatorname{tr}_{Y}\left(\left|x_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j}\right| \otimes\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle y_{\beta}\right|\right) \\ & =\sum_{\substack{i, \alpha \\ j, \beta}} \sqrt{\pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right) \pi\left(x_{j}, y_{\beta}\right)}\left|x_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j}\right| \cdot \operatorname{tr}\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle y_{\beta}\right| \\ & =\sum_{\substack{i, j \\ \alpha}} \sqrt{\pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right) \pi\left(x_{j}, y_{\alpha}\right)}\left|x_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{j}\right| \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0119_p064\rho_{X}=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}\pi_{X}\left(x_{1}\right) & & & * \\ & \pi_{X}\left(x_{2}\right) & & \\ * & & \ddots & \\ * & & & \pi_{X}\left(x_{n}\right)\end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0120_p064(\3.2\)\left(\rho_{X}\right)_{i j}=\sum_{\alpha} \sqrt{\pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right) \pi\left(x_{j}, y_{\alpha}\right)}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0121_p064(\3 \cdot 3\)\rho_{Y}=\sum_{\substack{\alpha, \beta \\ i}} \sqrt{\pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right) \pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\beta}\right)}\left|y_{\alpha}\right\rangle\left\langle y_{\beta}\right|crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0122_p065(\3 \cdot 4\)\left(\rho_{Y}\right)_{\alpha \beta}=\sum_{i} \sqrt{\pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right) \pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\beta}\right)}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0123_p065(\3 \cdot 4\)\rho_{Y}=\left[\begin{array}{cccc} \pi_{Y}\left(y_{1}\right) & & & * \\ & \pi_{Y}\left(y_{2}\right) & & \\ * & & \ddots & \\ * & & & \pi_{Y}\left(y_{m}\right) \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0124_p066\rho_{X}=\sum_{i=1}^{m} \lambda_{i}\left|e_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle e_{i}\right| \quad \rho_{Y}=\sum_{i=1}^{m} \lambda_{i}\left|f_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle f_{i}\right|crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0125_p066(\3 \cdot 5\)\pi(x, y)=\pi(x \mid y) \pi_{Y}(y)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0126_p067\begin{aligned} \pi(\text { orange, fruit }) & =1 / 3 \\ \pi(\text { green, fruit }) & =1 / 3 \\ \pi(\text { purple, vegetable }) & =1 / 3 \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0127_p067M=V D U^{\dagger}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0128_p068\begin{array}{r} \left.\left.\mid \text { orange }\rangle \left.=\left[\begin{array}{l} 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{array}\right] \quad \right\rvert\, \text { green }\right\rangle \left.=\left[\begin{array}{l} 0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{array}\right] \quad \right\rvert\, \text { purple }\right\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{l} 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{array}\right] \\ \left.\mid \text { fruit }\rangle \left.=\left[\begin{array}{l} 1 \\ 0 \end{array}\right] \quad \right\rvert\, \text { vegetable }\right\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{l} 0 \\ 1 \end{array}\right] \end{array}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0129_p068\mid \text { orange }\rangle \otimes \mid \text { fruit }\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{l} 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 0 \end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0130_p068\begin{aligned} \mid \text { orange }\rangle \otimes \mid \text { fruit }\rangle & =\left[\begin{array}{llllll} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{array}\right]^{\top} \\ \mid \text { green }\rangle \otimes \mid \text { fruit }\rangle & =\left[\begin{array}{llllll} 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{array}\right]^{\top} \\ \mid \text { purple }\rangle \otimes \mid \text { vegetable }\rangle & =\left[\begin{array}{llllll} 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]^{\top} \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0131_p068|\psi\rangle=\left[\begin{array}{llllll} \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} \end{array}\right]^{\top} \text {. }crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0132_p069\left.\left.\left.\left.\left.|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|=\frac{1}{3}(\mid \text { orange }\rangle\langle\text { orange }| \otimes \right\rvert\, \text { fruit }\right\rangle\langle\text { fruit }|+\mid \text { orange }\right\rangle\langle\text { green }| \otimes \mid \text { fruit }\right\rangle\langle\text { vegetable }|+\cdots\right)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0133_p069(\3.6\)o=\text { orange } \quad g=\text { green } \quad p=\text { purple } \quad F=\text { fruit } \quad V=\text { vegetable }crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0134_p069(\3.6\)|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|=\frac{1}{3}\left(\begin{array}{rl|l|} |0\rangle\langle 0| \otimes|F\rangle\langle F| & +|0\rangle\langle g| \otimes|F\rangle\langle F| & +|0\rangle\langle p| \otimes|F\rangle\langle V| \\ |g\rangle\langle 0| \otimes|F\rangle\langle F| & +|g\rangle\langle g| \otimes|F\rangle\langle F| & +|g\rangle\langle p| \otimes|F\rangle\langle V| \\ |p\rangle\langle 0| \otimes|V\rangle\langle F| & +|p\rangle\langle g| \otimes|V\rangle\langle F| & +|p\rangle\langle p| \otimes|V\rangle\langle V| \end{array}\right)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0135_p069(\3.6\)|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc} \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{3} & 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{3} \\ \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{3} & 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{3} \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{3} & 0 & 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{3} \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0136_p069\rho_{X}=\operatorname{tr}_{Y}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| \quad \rho_{Y}=\operatorname{tr}_{X}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0137_p070\begin{aligned} \rho_{X}=\operatorname{tr}_{Y}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| & =\frac{1}{3}\left(\begin{array}{ll} |0\rangle\langle 0| \otimes\langle F \mid F\rangle & +|0\rangle\langle g| \otimes\langle F \mid F\rangle \\ |g\rangle\langle 0| \otimes\langle F \mid F\rangle & +|0\rangle\langle p| \otimes\langle F \mid V\rangle \\ |p\rangle\langle 0| \otimes\langle V \mid E\rangle & +|p\rangle\langle g| \otimes\langle V \mid F\rangle+|g\rangle\langle p| \otimes\langle F \mid V\rangle \\ |g| & +|p\rangle\langle p| \otimes\langle V \mid V\rangle \end{array}\right) \\ & =\frac{1}{3}(|0\rangle\langle 0|+|0\rangle\langle g|+|g\rangle\langle 0|+|g\rangle\langle g|+|p\rangle\langle p|) \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0138_p070(\3 \cdot 7\)\begin{array}{ll} |0\rangle\langle 0|=\left[\begin{array}{lll} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{array}\right] & |p\rangle\langle p|=\left[\begin{array}{lll} 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \\ |g\rangle\langle g|=\left[\begin{array}{lll} 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{array}\right] & |0\rangle\langle g|=\left[\begin{array}{lll} 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{array}\right] \end{array}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0139_p070(\3 \cdot 7\)\rho_{X}=\frac{g}{p}\left[\begin{array}{ccc} o & g & p \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \frac{1}{3}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0140_p071\begin{aligned} & \rho_{Y}=\operatorname{tr}_{X}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|=\frac{1}{3}\left(\begin{array}{lll} \langle 0 \mid 0\rangle \otimes|F\rangle\langle F| & +\langle\mid g\rangle \otimes|F\rangle\langle F| & +\langle\mid p\rangle \otimes|F\rangle\langle V| \\ \langle g \mid 0\rangle \otimes|F\rangle\langle F| & +\langle g \mid g\rangle \otimes|F\rangle\langle F| & +\langle g \mid p\rangle \otimes|F\rangle\langle V| \\ \langle p \mid 0\rangle \otimes|V\rangle\langle F| & +\langle p \mid g\rangle \otimes|V\rangle\langle F| & +\langle p \mid p\rangle \otimes|V\rangle\langle V| \end{array}\right) \\ &= \frac{1}{3}(|F\rangle\langle F|+|F\rangle\langle F|+|V\rangle\langle V|) \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0141_p071(\3.8\)|F\rangle\langle F|=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{array}\right] \quad|V\rangle\langle V|=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0142_p071(\3.8\)\rho_{Y}=\begin{gathered} \\ F \\ V \end{gathered} \begin{array}{cc} F & V \\ {\left[\begin{array}{cc} 2 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \frac{1}{3}} \end{array}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0143_p071M=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} \end{array}\right] \leftrightarrow|\psi\ranglecrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0144_p071\begin{gathered} M^{\dagger} M=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{3} & 0 \\ \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{3} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{3} \end{array}\right]=\rho_{X} \\ M M^{\dagger}=\left[\begin{array}{cc} \frac{2}{3} & 0 \\ 0 & \frac{1}{3} \end{array}\right]=\rho_{Y} \end{gathered}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0145_p073\hat{\pi}(x, y)= \begin{cases}\frac{1}{|T|} & \text { if }(x, y) \in T \\ 0 & \text { otherwise }\end{cases}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0146_p073(\3 \cdot 9\)|\psi\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{|T|}} \sum_{\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right) \in T}\left|x_{i}\right\rangle \otimes\left|y_{\alpha}\right\ranglecrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0147_p073\begin{aligned} d\left(x_{i}, x_{j}\right) & :=\mid\left\{y \in Y \mid\left(x_{i}, y\right) \in T \text { and }\left(x_{j}, y\right) \in T\right\} \mid \\ d\left(y_{\alpha}, y_{\beta}\right) & :=\mid\left\{x \in X \mid\left(x, y_{\alpha}\right) \in T \text { and }\left(x, y_{\beta}\right) \in T\right\} \mid \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0148_p074(\3.10\)\begin{aligned} \left(\rho_{X}\right)_{i j} & =\frac{d\left(x_{i}, x_{j}\right)}{|T|} \\ \left(\rho_{Y}\right)_{\alpha \beta} & =\frac{d\left(y_{\alpha}, y_{\beta}\right)}{|T|} \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0149_p075\rho_{X}=x_{2}\left[\begin{array}{ccc} x_{1} & x_{2} & x_{3} \\ x_{1} \end{array}\left[\begin{array}{cc} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 \\ 1 & 2 \\ 2 \end{array}\right] \frac{1}{5} \quad \rho_{Y}=\begin{array}{c} y_{1} \\ y_{2} \end{array}\left[\begin{array}{cc} y_{1} & y_{2} \\ 3 & 2 \\ 2 & 2 \end{array}\right] \frac{1}{5}\right.crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0150_p075\left[\begin{array}{ll} 3 & 2 \\ 2 & 2 \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0151_p075\left[\begin{array}{lll} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 & 2 \\ 1 & 2 & 2 \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0152_p075\left[\begin{array}{lll} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 & 2 \\ 1 & 2 & 2 \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0153_p076\left[\begin{array}{lll} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 & 2 \\ 1 & 2 & 2 \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0154_p076T=\{(\text { orange, fruit }),(\text { green, fruit }),(\text { purple, vegetable })\}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0155_p076\rho_{X}=\frac{o}{g}\left[\begin{array}{ccc} o & g & p \\ p & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \frac{1}{3}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0156_p076\left.\rho_{Y}=\begin{array}{c} \\ F \\ V \end{array} \begin{array}{cc} F & V \\ {\left[\begin{array}{l} 2 \\ 0 \end{array}\right.} & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \frac{1}{3}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0157_p077|\psi\rangle=\sum_{(x, y) \in X \times Y} \sqrt{\pi(x, y)}|x\rangle \otimes|y\rangle .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0158_p077\left(\rho_{X}\right)_{i i}=\sum_{\alpha} \pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right)=\pi_{X}\left(x_{i}\right)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0159_p077\left(\rho_{Y}\right)_{\alpha \alpha}=\sum_{i} \pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right)=\pi_{Y}\left(y_{\alpha}\right)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0160_p077\begin{aligned} \left(\rho_{X}\right)_{i j} & =\sum_{\alpha} \sqrt{\pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right) \pi\left(x_{j}, y_{\alpha}\right)} \\ \left(\rho_{Y}\right)_{\alpha \beta} & =\sum_{i} \sqrt{\pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\alpha}\right) \pi\left(x_{i}, y_{\beta}\right)} \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0161_p080\begin{array}{ll} \left.\left.\left.\left\{\left|e_{1}\right\rangle,\left|f_{1}\right\rangle\right\}=\left\{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\mid \text { orange }\rangle+\mid \text { green }\right\rangle\right), \mid \text { fruit }\right\rangle\right\} & \lambda_{1}=\frac{2}{3} \\ \left.\left.\left\{\left|e_{2}\right\rangle,\left|f_{2}\right\rangle\right\}=\{\mid \text { purple }\rangle, \mid \text { vegetable }\right\rangle\right\} & \lambda_{2}=\frac{1}{3} \end{array}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0162_p080\begin{aligned} & X \longrightarrow 2^{Y} \\ & x \longmapsto a(x):=\{y \in Y \mid R(x, y)=1\} \\ & Y \longrightarrow 2^{X} \longrightarrow X(y):=\{x \in X \mid R(x, y)=1\} \\ & y \longmapsto 2^{X} \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0163_p080\begin{aligned} & X \xrightarrow{\alpha} \mathbb{C}^{Y} \\ & x_{i} \longmapsto A_{i}|\psi\rangle \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0164_p080\begin{gathered} Y \xrightarrow{\beta} \mathbb{C}^{X} \\ y_{\alpha} \longmapsto B_{\alpha}|\psi\rangle \end{gathered}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0165_p081\begin{aligned} & (\{\text { orange, green }\},\{\text { fruit }\}) \\ & (\{\text { green, purple }\},\{\text { vegetable }\}) \\ & (\{\text { green }\},\{\text { fruit, vegetable }\}) \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0166_p081(6)\begin{array}{ll} \left.\left.\left.\left.\left.\left\{\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}(\mid \text { orange }\rangle+\mid \text { green }\right\rangle+\mid \text { purple }\right\rangle\right), \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\mid \text { fruit }\rangle+\mid \text { vegetable }\right\rangle\right)\right\} & \lambda_{1}=\frac{3}{4} \\ \left.\left.\left.\left.\left\{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\mid \text { orange }\rangle-\mid \text { purple }\right\rangle\right), \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\mid \text { fruit }\rangle-\mid \text { vegetable }\right\rangle\right)\right\} & \lambda_{2}=\frac{1}{4} \end{array}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0167_p084(\3.12\)\rho_{\text {orange }} \geq \pi(\text { small ripe orange } \mid \text { orange }) \rho_{\text {small ripe orange }}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0168_p085\begin{array}{ll} \text { small ripe orange fruit } & \text { large rotten green vegetable } \\ \text { large ripe orange vegetable } & \text { small ripe orange vegetable } \\ \text { small rotten orange fruit } & \end{array}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0169_p085\begin{array}{ll} A:=\{\text { small, large }\} & C:=\{\text { orange, green }\} \\ B:=\{\text { ripe, rotten }\} & Y:=\{\text { fruit, vegetable }\} \end{array}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0170_p085\hat{\pi}(x, y)= \begin{cases}\frac{1}{5} & \text { if }(x, y) \in T \\ 0 & \text { if }(x, y) \notin T .\end{cases}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0171_p085\begin{aligned} |\psi\rangle & =\sum_{x, y} \sqrt{\hat{\pi}(x, y)}|x\rangle \otimes|y\rangle \\ & =\sum_{a, b, c, y} \sqrt{\hat{\pi}(a, b, c, y)}|a\rangle \otimes|b\rangle \otimes|c\rangle \otimes|y\rangle \\ & =\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\left(\begin{array}{ccccccc} \mid \text { small }\rangle & \otimes & \mid \text { ripe }\rangle & \otimes & \mid \text { orange }\rangle & \otimes & \mid \text { fruit } \\ \mid \text { small }\rangle & \otimes & \mid \text { rotten }\rangle & \otimes & \mid \text { orange }\rangle & \otimes & +\mid \text { fruit }\rangle \\ \mid \text { large }\rangle & \otimes & \mid \text { ripe }\rangle & \otimes & \mid \text { orange }\rangle & \otimes & \mid \text { vegetable }\rangle \\ \mid \text { large }\rangle & \otimes & \mid \text { rotten }\rangle & \otimes & \mid \text { green }\rangle & \otimes & \mid \text { vegetable }\rangle \\ \mid \text { small }\rangle & \otimes & \mid \text { ripe }\rangle & \otimes & \mid \text { orange }\rangle & \otimes & \mid \text { vegetable }\rangle \end{array}\right) \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0172_p085|\psi\rangle=\sqrt{\|}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0173_p086(\3.13\)\rho_{Y}=\sum_{x \in X} A_{x}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| A_{x}^{\dagger}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0174_p086(3.14)\begin{aligned} A_{x}|\psi\rangle & =\sum_{y} \sqrt{\hat{\pi}(x, y)}|y\rangle \\ & =\sqrt{\hat{\pi}(x, \text { fruit })} \mid \text { fruit }\rangle+\sqrt{\hat{\pi}(x, \text { vegetable })} \mid \text { vegetable }\rangle . \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0175_p086\begin{array}{ll} \mathbf{x}_{\mathbf{1}}=(\text { small, ripe, orange }) & x_{5}=(\text { small, ripe, green }) \\ \mathbf{x}_{\mathbf{2}}=(\text { large, ripe, orange }) & x_{6}=(\text { large, ripe, green }) \\ \mathbf{x}_{\mathbf{3}}=(\text { small, rotten, orange }) & x_{7}=(\text { small, rotten, green }) \\ x_{4}=(\text { large, rotten, orange }) & \mathbf{x}_{\mathbf{8}}=(\text { large, rotten, green }) \end{array}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0176_p086M=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\left[\begin{array}{llllllll} 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0177_p086\rho_{Y}=\sum_{(a, b, c) \in A \times B \times C} M|a b c\rangle\langle a b c| M^{\dagger}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0178_p087M=\begin{gathered} y_{1} \\ y_{2} \end{gathered}\left[\begin{array}{cccccccc} x_{1} & x_{2} & x_{3} & x_{4} & x_{5} & x_{6} & x_{7} & x_{8} \\ 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \begin{gathered} 1 \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}} \end{gathered}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0179_p087M=\begin{gathered} \\ \text { fruit } \\ \text { vegetable } \end{gathered}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0180_p087\begin{aligned} & \left.\left.A_{1}|\psi\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}(\mid \text { fruit }\rangle+\mid \text { vegetable }\right\rangle\right)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\left[\begin{array}{l} 1 \\ 1 \end{array}\right] \\ & \left.\left.A_{2}|\psi\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}} \right\rvert\, \text { vegetable }\right\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\left[\begin{array}{l} 0 \\ 1 \end{array}\right] \\ & \left.\left.A_{3}|\psi\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}} \right\rvert\, \text { fruit }\right\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\left[\begin{array}{l} 1 \\ 0 \end{array}\right] \\ & \left.\left.A_{8}|\psi\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}} \right\rvert\, \text { vegetable }\right\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\left[\begin{array}{l} 0 \\ 1 \end{array}\right] \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0181_p088\begin{aligned} \rho_{Y} & =A_{1}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| A_{1}^{\dagger}+A_{2}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| A_{2}^{\dagger}+A_{3}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| A_{3}^{\dagger}+A_{8}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| A_{8}^{\dagger} \\ & =\frac{1}{5}\left(\left[\begin{array}{l} 1 \\ 1 \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 1 \end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{l} 0 \\ 1 \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{ll} 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{l} 1 \\ 0 \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 0 \end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{l} 0 \\ 1 \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{ll} 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]\right) \\ & =\frac{1}{5}\left(\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{ll} 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{ll} 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right]\right) \\ & =\frac{1}{5}\left[\begin{array}{ll} 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 3 \end{array}\right] \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0182_p088\hat{\rho}_{x_{i}}=A_{i}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| A_{i}^{\dagger}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0183_p088\rho_{x_{i}}:=\frac{1}{\hat{\pi}_{X}\left(x_{i}\right)} \hat{\rho}_{x_{i}}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0184_p088\begin{aligned} & \rho_{x_{3}}=\rho_{\text {small rotten orange }}=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{array}\right] \\ & \rho_{x_{8}}=\rho_{\text {large rotten green }}=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{array}\right] \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0185_p088\begin{aligned} & \hat{\pi}_{X}\left(x_{1}\right)=2 / 5 \\ & \hat{\pi}_{X}\left(x_{2}\right)=1 / 5 \\ & \hat{\pi}_{X}\left(x_{3}\right)=1 / 5 \\ & \hat{\pi}_{X}\left(x_{8}\right)=1 / 5 \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0186_p089\rho_{Y}=\overbrace{A_{1}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| A_{1}^{+}+A_{2}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| A_{2}^{+}+A_{3}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| A_{3}^{+}}^{\rho_{\text {orange }}}+\overbrace{A_{8}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| A_{8}^{+}}^{\rho_{\text {green }}}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0187_p089\begin{aligned} \rho_{\text {orange }} & :=\frac{1}{\hat{\pi}_{C}(\text { orange })} \hat{\rho}_{\text {orange }} \\ & =\frac{1}{\hat{\pi}_{C}(\text { orange })}\left(\hat{\rho}_{x_{1}}+\hat{\rho}_{x_{2}}+\hat{\rho}_{x_{3}}\right) \\ & =\frac{1}{4}\left[\begin{array}{ll} 2 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 \end{array}\right] \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0188_p089\begin{aligned} \rho_{\text {orange }} & =\frac{1}{\pi_{C}(\text { orange })} \sum_{i=1,2,3} \hat{\rho}_{x_{i}} \\ & =\sum_{i=1,2,3} \frac{\pi_{X}\left(x_{i}\right)}{\pi_{C}(\text { orange })} \frac{\hat{\rho}_{x_{i}}}{\pi_{X}\left(x_{i}\right)} \\ & =\sum_{i=1,2,3} \pi\left(x_{i} \mid \text { orange }\right) \rho_{x_{i}} . \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0189_p089\rho_{\text {orange }} \geq \pi\left(x_{i} \mid \text { orange }\right) \rho_{x_{i}}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0190_p089\rho_{\text {orange }} \geq \pi(\text { small ripe orange } \mid \text { orange }) \rho_{\text {small ripe orange }} .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0191_p090\hat{\rho}_{\text {ripe orange }}:=A_{1}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| A_{1}^{\dagger}+A_{2}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi| A_{2}^{\dagger}=\frac{1}{5}\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 2 \end{array}\right] .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0192_p090\hat{\rho}_{x_{i}}:=M\left|x_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle x_{i}\right| M^{\dagger}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0193_p090\rho_{x_{i}}:=\frac{1}{\hat{\pi}_{X}\left(x_{i}\right)} \hat{\rho}_{x_{i}}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0194_p091\rho_{Y}=\sum_{i} \hat{\rho}_{x_{i}}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0195_p091\hat{\rho}_{a}=\sum_{x \in X(a)} \hat{\rho}_{x}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0196_p091\begin{aligned} \rho_{a} & :=\frac{1}{\hat{\pi}(a)} \hat{\rho}_{a} \\ & =\sum_{x \in X(a)} \frac{1}{\hat{\pi}(a)} \hat{\rho}_{x} \\ & =\sum_{x \in X(a)} \frac{\hat{\pi}(x)}{\hat{\pi}(a)} \frac{1}{\hat{\pi}(x)} \hat{\rho}_{x} \\ & =\sum_{x \in X(a)} \pi(x \mid a) \rho_{x} . \end{aligned}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0197_p096\hat{\pi}(s)= \begin{cases}\frac{1}{N_{T}} & \text { if } s \in T \\ 0 & \text { otherwise }\end{cases}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0198_p096(\4 \cdot 1\)|\psi\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{N}_{T}} \sum_{s \in T}|s\rangle .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0199_p096(\4 \cdot 1\)|\psi\rangle=\|_{\||\cdots\rangle}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{N}_{T}} \sum \mathrm{p} \mathrm{p}, \cdots \mathrm{p}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0200_p102\rho_{2}=\begin{gathered} \\ 00 \\ 11 \\ 01 \\ 10 \end{gathered}\left[\begin{array}{cccc} 00 & 11 & 01 & 10 \\ \operatorname{deg} 00 & s_{e} & 0 & 0 \\ s_{e} & \operatorname{deg} 11 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \operatorname{deg} 01 & s_{o} \\ 0 & 0 & s_{o} & \operatorname{deg} 10 \end{array}\right] \frac{1}{2^{4}}=\frac{1}{2^{4}}\left[\begin{array}{cccc} 4 & 4 & 0 & 0 \\ 4 & 4 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 4 & 4 \\ 0 & 0 & 4 & 4 \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0201_p102\left|E_{2}\right\rangle=\frac{|00\rangle+|11\rangle}{\sqrt{2}}=\left[\begin{array}{llll} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 & 0 \end{array}\right]^{\top}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0202_p102\left|O_{2}\right\rangle=\frac{|01\rangle+|01\rangle}{\sqrt{2}}=\left[\begin{array}{llll} 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \end{array}\right]^{\top}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0203_p103\rho_{2}=\left[\begin{array}{cc} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 \\ 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\ 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{cc} \frac{1}{2} & 0 \\ 0 & \frac{1}{2} \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{cccc} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0204_p103\begin{array}{lll} U^{\dagger}|00\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}|0\rangle & \text { (even) } & U^{\dagger}|01\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}|1\rangle \\ U^{\dagger}|11\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}|0\rangle & \text { (even) } & U^{\dagger}|10\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}|1\rangle \\ \text { (odd) } \end{array}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0205_p104\rho_{2}=\frac{1}{N_{T}}\left[\begin{array}{cccc} d_{1} & s_{e} & 0 & 0 \\ s_{3} & d_{2} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & d_{3} & s_{o} \\ 0 & 0 & s_{o} & d_{4} \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0206_p104\rho_{2}=\operatorname{tr}_{V^{\otimes 3}}|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|=\frac{1}{7}\left[\begin{array}{llll} 2 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 2 \end{array}\right]crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0207_p104\theta=\arctan \left(\frac{2 s_{e}}{\sqrt{G_{e}^{2}+4 s_{e}^{2}}+G_{e}}\right)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0208_p104\left.\begin{array}{ll} 0 & 0 \end{array}\right]^{\top} \quad \phi=\arctan \left(\frac{2 s_{o}}{\sqrt{G_{o}^{2}+4 s_{o}^{2}}+G_{o}}\right)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0209_p105\left|E_{N}\right\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2^{N-1}}} \sum_{s \text { even }}|s\ranglecrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0210_p109\mathbb{C}^{X} \quad 2^{X} \quad \mathrm{Set}^{\mathrm{C}^{\text {op }}}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0211_p110\mathrm{C}(F c, d) \cong \mathrm{D}(c, G d)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0212_p111U: \text { Vect } \rightleftarrows \text { Set: } F \text {. }crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0213_p111(\5.1\)|v\rangle:=\sum_{x} v(x) xcrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0214_p111(\5.2\)\hat{f}|v\rangle=\sum_{x} v(x) f(x) .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0215_p112(\5 \cdot 3\)U F X=U C^{X},crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0216_p112(\5 \cdot 4\)\mathrm{C}(x \times y, z) \cong \mathrm{C}\left(y, z^{x}\right)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0217_p112(\5 \cdot 5\)\langle M v, w\rangle=\left\langle v, M^{\dagger} w\right\rangle \quad \text { for all } v \in F X \text { and } w \in F Y .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0218_p114U: \text { CocompCAT } \rightleftarrows \text { CAT : } F \text {. }crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0219_p114F C=\mathrm{Set}^{\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{Op}}} .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0220_p115(\5.6\)V \cong \int^{c \in \mathrm{C}} \mathrm{C}(-, c) \cdot V ccrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0221_p116(\5 \cdot 7\)\hat{f} V:=\int^{c \in \mathrm{C}} f_{c} \cdot V ccrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0222_p116|v\rangle=\sum_{x \in X} v(x)|x\rangle \quad \mid \quad V \cong \int^{c \in \mathrm{C}} \mathrm{C}(-, c) \cdot V ccrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0223_p116\hat{f}|v\rangle=\sum_{x \in X} v(x) f(x) \quad \mid \hat{f} V=\int^{c \in \mathrm{C}} f c \cdot V ccrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0224_p116(\5.8\)U F C=U S_{\mathrm{et}} \mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{Cop}},crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0225_p117U: \text { CompCAT ⇄ CAT }: \bar{F} .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0226_p117U \overline{F C}=\left(U S_{\mathrm{et}}{ }^{\mathrm{C}}\right)^{\mathrm{op}},crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0227_p118(5.9)\operatorname{Set}^{\mathrm{D}}\left(W, M^{*} V\right) \cong \operatorname{Set}^{\mathrm{Cop}}\left(V, M_{*} W\right) .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0228_p119\operatorname{Fix}\left(M_{*} M^{*}\right) \cong \operatorname{Fix}\left(M^{*} M_{*}\right)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0229_p119(5.10)\operatorname{Set}^{\mathrm{D}}\left(W, M^{*} V\right) \cong \operatorname{Set}^{\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{op}}}\left(V, M_{*} W\right)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0230_p119\langle M v, w\rangle=\left\langle v, M^{\dagger} w\right\ranglecrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0231_p121U: \text { Join } \rightleftarrows \text { Set: } F \text {. }crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0232_p122(5.11)\hat{f} A:=\bigvee_{x \in A} f x .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0233_p1222:=\{0 \leq 1\} .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0234_p1220 \vee 0=0 \quad 0 \vee 1=1 \vee 0=1 \vee 1=1 .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0235_p1220 \wedge 0=0 \wedge 1=1 \wedge 0=0 \quad 1 \wedge 1=1 .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0236_p123(\5.12\)2(A, B)= \begin{cases}1 & \text { if } A \subseteq B \\ 0 & \text { otherwise }\end{cases}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0237_p123(5.13)2(\bar{A}, \bar{B})= \begin{cases}1 & \text { if } \bar{A} x \leq \bar{B} x \text { for all } x \in X \\ 0 & \text { otherwise }\end{cases}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0238_p124\mathbb{C}^{X} \quad \operatorname{Set}^{\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{Cop}}} \quad \mathcal{V}^{\mathrm{C}^{\mathrm{op}}} \quad 2^{X}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0239_p124(5.14)U F X=U 2^{X},crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0240_p124U: \text { Meet } \rightleftarrows \text { Set }: \bar{F}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0241_p125(\5.15\)\hat{g} B:=\bigwedge_{x \in B} g x .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0242_p125(\5.16\)\bar{F} X=(F X)^{\mathrm{op}}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0243_p125U \bar{F} Y=U 2^{Y}=U F Y .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0244_p126(\5.17\)a x(y)= \begin{cases}1 & \text { if } R(x, y)=1 \\ 0 & \text { if } R(x, y)=0,\end{cases}crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0245_p126(5.18)f A=\bigcap_{x \in A} a x \quad \text { and } \quad g B=\bigcap_{y \in B} b ycrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0246_p126F Y(B, f A) \cong F X(A, g B)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0247_p126B \subseteq f A \quad \text { if and only if } \quad A \subseteq g B .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0248_p128\text { eval: } U E^{X} \times X \rightarrow U Ecrop
2004.05631v1_EQ0249_p128(5.19)\mathrm{D}(X \times Y, U E) \cong \mathrm{D}\left(Y, U E^{X}\right) .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0250_p128(\5.20\)U F X \cong U E^{X} \quad \text { for every } X \in \mathrm{D} .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0251_p128(\5.20\)\mathrm{D}\left(I, U E^{X}\right) \cong \mathrm{D}(X \times I, U E) \cong \mathrm{D}(X, U E)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0252_p128(\5.21\)\mathrm{C}(F X, F Y) \cong \mathrm{D}\left(X, U E^{Y}\right) .crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0253_p129(\5.22\)\mathrm{C}(F Y, F X) \cong \mathrm{D}\left(Y, U E^{X}\right)crop
2004.05631v1_EQ0254_p129\begin{aligned} \mathrm{C}(F X, F Y) & \stackrel{\text { by }}{\stackrel{(5.21)}{\cong}} \mathrm{D}\left(X, U E^{Y}\right) \\ & \stackrel{\text { by }(5.19)}{\cong} \mathrm{D}(X \times Y, U E) \\ & \text { by }\left(\stackrel{5.19)}{\cong} \mathrm{D}\left(Y, U E^{X}\right)\right. \\ & \stackrel{\text { by }(5.22)}{\cong} \mathrm{C}(F Y, F X) \end{aligned}crop

TikZ & Tables (137; 0 rendered to SVG)

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3DiagramFigure 1.1: The subgraph in red is complete bipartite. This is one way to visualize a formal concept.crop
4Diagram``` \(f: 2^{X} \longrightarrow 2^{Y}\) \{orange\} ⟼ \{fruit\} \{green\} → \{fruit\} \{fruit\} ⟼ \{orange, green\} \{purple\} ⟼ \{vegetable\} \{orange, green\} ⟼ \{fruit\} \{orange, purple\} ⟼ も \{green, purple\} ⟼ \(\varnothing\) \{orange, green, purple\} ⟼ も ```crop
5Diagramcrop
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12DiagramAs we'll see in Section 2.3, there is more than one way to construct a rank 1 density operator from a joint probability distribution \(\pi\). This thesis centers on a very specific rank 1 density, which will explain the phenomena observed in this section's motivating example. See Section 3.1.1 for the punchline.crop
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17Diagrama function is a machinecrop
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33Diagram``` \({ }^{5}\) To see this, consider the spectral decomposition \(\rho=U D U^{\dagger}\), where \(U\) is a unitary operator and \(D\) is a diagonal operator. Equivalently, write \(\rho=\sum_{i} \lambda_{i}\left|e_{i}\right\rangle\left\langle e_{i}\right|\) where \(\left|e_{i}\right\rangle\) are the columns of \(U\) and \(\lambda_{i}\) are the diagonals of \(D\). Then since \(\rho\) is diagocrop
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45Diagram\({ }^{10}\) And we will. See Figure 2.1.crop
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47DiagramFigure 2.1: Understanding the decompositions \(\rho_{V}=M^{\dagger} M=U D^{2} U^{\dagger}\) and \(\rho_{W}= M M^{\dagger}=V D^{2} V^{\dagger}\) as tensor diagrams.crop
48DiagramFigure 2.2: Reconstructing \(|\psi\rangle\) from the eigenvectors of \(\rho_{V}\) and \(\rho_{W}\) and their common eigenvalues.crop
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92DiagramFigure 4.1: Building \(\left|\psi_{\mathrm{MPS}}\right\rangle\) by constructing each tensor individuallycrop
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95DiagramFigure 4.2: Obtaining the vector \(\left|\psi_{2}\right\rangle\) from \(|\psi\rangle\)crop
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101DiagramFigure 4.3: Obtaining the vector \(\left|\psi_{3}\right\rangle\) from \(\left|\psi_{2}\right\rangle\)crop
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103DiagramFigure 4.4: Obtaining the vector \(\left|\psi_{4}\right\rangle\) from \(\left|\psi_{3}\right\rangle\)crop
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